COVID 19 pneumonia in Down syndrome patients: About 2 cases

Kaouini, Abderrahim El; Rhalete, Abdelilah El; Aabdi, Mohammed; Azizi, Mohammad Malek Faizal; Maarad, Mohammed; Bahouh, Choukri; Bkiyer, Houssam; Housni, Brahim

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102324

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The mean age of the patients was 24.8 years (26 days to 60 years), and 29 of the 55 patients were male (Supporting Information S1: Table ) 13–28 . Comorbid conditions were described for 51 cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of the patients was 24.8 years (26 days to 60 years), and 29 of the 55 patients were male (Supporting Information S1: Table 1 ). 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 Comorbid conditions were described for 51 cases. Obesity was the most common comorbid condition reported (49.0%, 25) followed by hypothyroidism (21.6%, 11) (Figure 1 , Supporting Information S1: Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Pitchan Velammal,

Balasubramanian,

Ayoobkhan

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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IntroductionDown syndrome (DS) is associated with multiple comorbid conditions and chronic immune dysfunction. Persons with DS who contract COVID‐19 are at high risk for complications and have a poor prognosis. We aimed to study the clinical symptoms, laboratory and biochemical profiles, radiologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with DS and COVID‐19.MethodWe systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library using the keywords COVID‐19 or coronavirus or SARS‐CoV‐2 and DS or trisomy 21. Seventeen articles were identified: eight case reports and nine case series published from December 2019 through March 2022, with a total of 55 cases.ResultsPatients averaged 24.8 years (26 days to 60 years); 29 of the patients were male. The most common symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and cough. Gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract symptoms were commonly reported for pediatric patients. The most common comorbidities present in patients with DS were obesity (49.0%), hypothyroidism (21.6%) and obstructive sleep apnea (15.6%). The patients were hospitalized for a mean of 14.8 days. When the patients were compared with the general COVID‐19 population, the mean number of hospitalized days was higher. Most patients had leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory markers (d‐dimer and C‐reactive protein). Bilateral infiltrations and bilateral ground‐glass opacifications were frequently seen in chest radiographs and chest computed tomographic imaging. Most of the patients were treated with methylprednisolone, macrolides, and hydroxychloroquine. Of the 55 patients, 22 died. The mean age of the patients who died was 42.8 years. Mortality rate was higher in individuals with DS over 40 years of age.ConclusionMore studies are needed to better understand COVID‐19 infections among persons with DS. In addition, the study was limited by a lack of statistical analyses and a specific comparison group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Pitchan Velammal,

Balasubramanian,

Ayoobkhan

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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“…Moreover, there are few heterogeneous studies on DS and COVID-19, and because of that, it is difficult to establish the exact risk factors linked to death or high infection rate in patients with DS (Babamahmoodi et al 2020 ; Villani et al 2020 ; Malik and Kathuria 2021 ; Vazquez-Hernández et al 2021 ; Newman et al 2021 ; Vita et al 2021 ; Alsahabi et al 2021 ; Hüls et al 2021 ; Malle et al 2021b ; Illouz et al 2021 ; Clift et al 2021 ; El Kaouini et al 2012 ; Emami et al 2021 ; Real de Asua et al 2021 ; Kuczborska et al 2022 ). For instance, Illouz et al ( 2021 ) observed that patients with DS and COVID-19 were younger and presented lower socioeconomic status; and, curiously, in a recent study, it was demonstrated that the socioeconomic status evaluated by the Human Development Index was associated with a higher case fatality rate in Brazil (Palamim et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, patients in G1 who needed ICU treatment and ventilatory support were more likely to die, which shows that our results are similar to the findings of previous studies (Hüls et al 2021 ; Malle et al 2021b ; Illouz et al 2021 ; Clift et al 2021 ; Emami et al 2021 ). Many other small studies, as case reports and case series, described patients with DS and COVID-19, and in most of the reports, they presented a high frequency of deleterious outcomes such as death, need for ICU, or need for invasive mechanical ventilation (Babamahmoodi et al 2020 ; Villani et al 2020 ; Kantar et al 2020 ; Malik and Kathuria 2021 ; Vazquez-Hernández et al 2021 ; Newman et al 2021 ; Vita et al 2021 ; Alsahabi et al 2021 ; Kim-Hellmuth et al 2021 ; El Kaouini et al 2012 ; Malle et al 2021a ; Kuczborska et al 2022 ). Furthermore, since our study is the most extensive study of this type until now, the chance for type II error is decreased due to the larger sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, patients with DS and COVID-19 were also younger, and more likely to have chronic lung diseases, autoimmune diseases, obesity, and dementia (Villani et al 2020 ; Hüls et al 2021 ; Malle et al 2021b ; Illouz et al 2021 ; Clift et al 2021 ; Emami et al 2021 ; Real de Asua et al 2021 ). However, the actual effect of COVID-19 in patients with DS is not wholly elucidated yet since few studies addressed the subject, mainly based on case reports (Babamahmoodi et al 2020 ; Malik and Kathuria 2021 ; Vazquez-Hernández et al 2021 ; Newman et al 2021 ; Vita et al 2021 ; Alsahabi et al 2021 ; El Kaouini et al 2012 ; Malle et al 2021a ; Kuczborska et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical characteristics and comorbidities of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with Down syndrome: first year report in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are more affected by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic when compared with other populations. Therefore, the primary aim of our study was to report the death (case fatality rate) from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian hospitalized patients with DS from 03 January 2020 to 04 April 2021. The secondary objectives were (i) to compare the features of patients with DS and positive for COVID-19 (G1) to those with DS and with a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from other etiological factors (G2) to tease apart the unique influence of COVID-19, and (ii) to compare the features of patients with DS and positive for COVID-19 to those without DS, but positive for COVID-19 (G3) to tease apart the unique influence of DS. We obtained the markers for demographic profile, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and the clinical features for SARI evolution during hospitalization in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil from a Brazilian open-access database. The data were compared between (i) G1 [1619 (0.4%) patients] and G2 [1431 (0.4%) patients]; and between (ii) G1 and G3 [222,181 (64.8%) patients]. The case fatality rate was higher in patients with DS and COVID-19 (G1: 39.2%), followed by individuals from G2 (18.1%) and G3 (14.0%). Patients from G1, when compared to G2, were older (≥ 25 years of age), presented more clinical symptoms related to severe illness and comorbidities, needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) more frequently, and presented a nearly two fold-increased chance of death (OR = 2.92 [95% CI 2.44–3.50]). Patients from G1, when compared to G3, were younger (< 24 years of age), more prone to nosocomial infection, presented an increased chance for clinical symptoms related to a more severe illness; frequently needed ICU treatment, and invasive and non-invasive MV, and raised almost a three fold-increased chance of death (OR = 3.96 [95% CI 3.60–4.41]). The high case fatality rate in G1 was associated with older age (≥ 25 years of age), presence of clinical symptoms, and comorbidities, such as obesity, related to a more severe clinical condition. Unvaccinated patients with DS affected by COVID-19 had a high case fatality rate, and these patients had a different profile for comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and treatment (such as the need for ICU and MV) when compared with other study populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00439-022-02468-3.

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Dexamethasone/piperacillin/tazobactam

2021

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COVID 19 pneumonia in Down syndrome patients: About 2 cases

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

COVID‐19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review

COVID‐19 in patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Clinical characteristics and comorbidities of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with Down syndrome: first year report in Brazil

Dexamethasone/piperacillin/tazobactam

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