Covid-19 pathogenesis in prostatic cancer and TMPRSS2-ERG regulatory genetic pathway

Afshari, Afsoon; Janfeshan, Sahar; Yaghobi, Ramin; Roozbeh, Jamshid; Azarpira, Negar

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104669

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“… 118 Indeed, isotretinoin diminishes the serum levels of dihydrotestosterone, 119 , 120 which is an androgen that promotes the transcription of TMPRSS2. 109 , 121 The effect of androgens on regulating the expression of TMPRSS2 was previously reported on lungs. 122 For this reason, it is tempting to speculate that suppressing the activity of androgens (including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) will lead to the reduction of the expression of TMPRSS2, which results in less viral infection, 111 and this suppression may be induced by isotretinoin.…”

Section: Active Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Mateus

Sebastião

Carrascal

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) first appeared in Wuhan and has so far killed more than four million people worldwide. Men are more affected than women by Covid‐19, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these differences are largely unknown. One plausible explanation is that differences in sex hormones could partially account for this distinct prevalence in both sexes. Accordingly, several papers have reported a protective role of 17β‐estradiol during Covid‐19, which might help explain why women appear less likely to die from Covid‐19 than men. 17β‐estradiol is the predominant and most biologically active endogenous estrogen, which signals through estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1. These receptors are expressed in mature cells from the innate and the adaptive immune system, particularly on dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that estrogens could modulate their effector functions. DCs are the most specialized and proficient antigen‐presenting cells, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity with a powerful capacity to prime antigen‐specific naive CD8+ T cells. DCs are richly abundant in the lung where they respond to viral infection. A relative increase of mature DCs in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids from Covid‐19 patients has already been reported. Here we will describe how SARS‐CoV‐2 acts on DCs, the role of estrogen on DC immunobiology, summarise the impact of sex hormones on the immune response against Covid‐19, and explore clinical trials regarding Covid‐19

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Section: Active Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Mateus

Sebastião

Carrascal

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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show abstract

“…1 ). Interestingly, TMPRSS2 is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and also an important regulator in prostate cancer 21 , 22 . TMPRSS2 is, in fact, predominantly expressed in prostate epithelium 23 and is upregulated in prostate cancer with high Gleason grades 24 .…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Viral Entry Into Human Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic — what have urologists learned?

et al. 2022

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On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and COVID-19 emerged as one of the biggest challenges in public health and economy in the twenty-first century. The respiratory tract has been the centre of attention, but COVID-19-associated complications affecting the genitourinary tract are reported frequently, raising concerns about possible long-term damage in these organs. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which has a central role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invasion, is highly expressed in the genitourinary tract, indicating that these organs could be at a high risk of cell damage. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urine and semen is very rare; however, COVID-19 can manifest through urological symptoms and complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with poor survival, severe structural changes in testes and impairment of spermatogenesis, and hormonal imbalances (mostly secondary hypogonadism). The effect of altered total testosterone levels or androgen deprivation therapy on survival of patients with COVID-19 was intensively debated at the beginning of the pandemic; however, androgen inhibition did not show any effect in preventing or treating COVID-19 in a clinical study. Thus, urologists have a crucial role in detecting and managing damage of the genitourinary tract caused by COVID-19.

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“…As the largest accessory gland in the male reproductive system, the prostate is divided into a central zone, a peripheral zone, and a migratory zone (11)(12)(13). Clinical studies have shown that the region of the migratory zone is a vulnerable site for prostatic hyperplasia, while the peripheral zone is the most common area for the development of prostate cancer and prostatitis (14,15). Prostate cancer has now developed into a major global public health problem.…”

Section: Correlation Analysis Of Cd133 Klk3 Grhl2 and Tumor Character...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis between CD133, Klk3 and grhl2 expression and tumor characteristics in prostate cancer

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Prostate cancer is a common clinical disease in men. It is known that prostate cancer ranks 3rd in the incidence of malignant tumors of the male genitourinary system in China, which is able to evaluate the riskiness of life expectancy of male patients. Therefore, we investigated the expression of CD133, recombinant human kallikrein 3 (Klk3), grainy head like 2 (grhl2) in prostate cancer, and correlation with tumor characteristics in the present study. A total of 167 prostate cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from February 2017 to April 2021 were selected. Their cancer and adjacent tissues were resected, and CD133 was detected by double staining using immunohistochemistry, Klk3 and grhl2 were detected by RT-PCR analysis, and CD133, Klk3 were analyzed by Pearson's method in different clinical stages, Gleason grade Correlation of grhl2 with tumor characteristics. The expression of CD133, KLK3, and GRHL2 in cancer tissue was increased compared with adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of CD133, KLK3, and GRHL2 increased with the aggravation of the clinical stage and Gleason grade (P < 0.05). CD133, KLK3, and GRHL2 showed a positive correlation in prostate cancer. The Pearson method found a positive correlation between CD133, KLK3, GRHL2 and clinical stage, Gleason grade, and lymph node metastasis. In general, high CD133, Klk3, and grhl2 expression was observed in prostate cancer and increased with the disease. They presented a positive correlation in prostate cancer presence, and these three gene products correlated with tumor characteristics.

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Covid-19 pathogenesis in prostatic cancer and TMPRSS2-ERG regulatory genetic pathway

Cited by 11 publications

References 96 publications

Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

The COVID-19 pandemic — what have urologists learned?

Correlation analysis between CD133, Klk3 and grhl2 expression and tumor characteristics in prostate cancer

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