Covid-19: Pandemonium in our time

Bergquist, Robert; Rinaldi, Laura

doi:10.4081/gh.2020.880

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, the infection rate was more among the male and working-age people, while the fatality rate was more among the male and above-working age (age 60 and above) people. The finding is broadly consistent with the global findings, particularly for the fatal cases for aged people (60 and above) (Penerliev and Petkov 2020 ; Chan et al 2020 ; Bergquist and Rinaldi 2020 ; Wu and McGoogan 2020 ). Hence, in Bangladesh, younger male people are more vulnerable to get the infection and senior male citizens more prone to fatal than female.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Geospatial modelling on the spread and dynamics of 154 day outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh towards vulnerability zoning and management approaches

Rahman

Islam

2020

Model. Earth Syst. Environ.

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The novel COVID-19 is a worldwide transmitted pandemic and has received global attention. Since there is no effective medication yet, to minimize and control the transmission of the COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are followed globally. However, for the implementation of needful NPIs through effective management strategies and planning, space-time-based information on the nature, magnitude, pattern of transmission, hotspots, the potential risk factors, vulnerability, and risk level of the pandemic are important. Hence, this study was an attempt to in-depth assess and analyze the COVID-19 outbreak and transmission dynamics through space and time in Bangladesh using 154 day real-time epidemiological data series. District-level data were analyzed for the geospatial analysis and modelling using GIS. Getis-Ord Gi* statistics was applied for the hotspot analysis, and on the other hand, the analytical hierarchy process-based weighted sum method (AHP-WSM) was used for the modelling of vulnerability zoning of COVID-19. In Bangladesh, the status of the pandemic COVID-19 still is in exposure level. Disease transmitted at a high rate (20.37%), and doubling time of the cases were 11 days (latest week of the study period). The fatality rate was comparatively low (1.3%), and the recovery rate was about 57.50%. Geospatial analysis exhibits the disease propagates from the central parts, and Dhaka was the most exposed district followed by Chattogram, Narayanganj, Cumilla, and Bogra. A single strong clustering pattern in the central part, which spread out mainly to the southeastern part, was identified as a prime hotspot in both the cases and deaths distributions. Additionally, potential linkages between the transmission of disease and the selected factors that gear up the spreading of the disease were identified. The central, eastern, and southeastern parts were recognized as high vulnerable zone, and conversely, the western, southwestern , northwestern , and northeastern parts as medium vulnerable zone. The vulnerable zoning exercise made it possible to identify vulnerable areas with the different magnitude that require urgent intervention through proper management and action plan, and accordingly, comprehensive management strategies were anticipated. Thus, this study will be a useful guide towards understanding the space-time-based investigations and vulnerable area delineation of the COVID-19 and assist to formulate an effective management action plan to reduce and control the disease propagation and impacts. By appropriate adjustment of some factors with local relevance, COVID-19 vulnerability zoning derived here can be applied to other regions, and generally can be used for any other infectious disease. This method was applied at a regional scale, but the availability of larger scale data of the determining factors could be applied in small areas too, and accordingly, management strategies can be formulated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Geospatial modelling on the spread and dynamics of 154 day outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh towards vulnerability zoning and management approaches

Rahman

Islam

2020

Model. Earth Syst. Environ.

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“…There was no statistically significant association between therapeutic approach and mortality rate ( Table 1). The mortality rate of the Oseltamivir combination prescribed for mild cases and the Kaletra combination prescribed for severe cases was 22.3% and 46.7%, respectively (Table 1) [24]. In contrast to findings in China and Italy [6,25], we found a considerably higher proportion of fatalities in the age groups panning the range from 20 to 50 year of age.…”

Section: Statistics Analysescontrasting

confidence: 55%

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Severe Covid-19 Infections: First Report from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Goshayeshi

Rad

Bergquist³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose. To report a comparison between fatalities and recovery of the severe Covid-19 infected patients based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods. Between 5 March and 12 May 2020, of 4,000 patients, 1,278 were laboratory confirmed to be Covid-19 infection in Mashhad, Iran. Finally, 334 deceased and 733 recovered cases were assessed in terms of demography, exposure history, health outcomes and clinical symptoms. Results. Mean (SD) age for confirmed patients, for deceased cases and for recovered cases. Mean (SD) age for all confirmed-patients was 56.9 (18.74), for the fatalities 67.26 (15.77) and for those recovered 52.82 (17.91) years. The rise of the mortality rate in relation to seniority was statistically significant. Despite a high frequency of Covid-19 infections accrued in the age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 years, most of these cases (88.2 and 85.8%, respectively) recovered. The median (IQR) duration of hospitalization was 9.0 (9) days. The most prevalent co-morbidities were cardiovascular disorders (21%) and diabetes (16.3%). Fever (63.8%), cough (68.1%), and dyspnoea (72.7%) were the most frequent clinical symptoms. 5.2% of infected-cases were healthcare workers that two (3%) of them died. Most patients (48%) received both antiviral and antibiotic therapy. The mortality rate of Kaletra combination prescribed for severe cases was 46.7%. Conclusions. The characteristics of Covid-19 varied from died to survived infected patients. There were a higher number of fatalities in younger patients than in international studies. Diabetes and cardiovascular disorders were most prevalent co-morbidities. The study could not address the case-fatality rate of Covid-19 infection that remains for future studies.

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“…Unknown aspects of Covid-19 infection not only make the disease difficult to prevent but also enable it to persist until large numbers of people have either died or recovered [5]. This case report of a 14 year-old male patient with non-respiratory symptoms highlights the importance of addressing also currently uncommon symptoms such as gastrointestinal symptoms as possible manifestations of Covid-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Covid-19 infection without respiratory symptoms: case report of diagnosing a 14 year-old patient with acute abdomen

Goshayeshi

Milani

Bergqueist

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is expanding worldwide. Although it seems to be a purely respiratory disease, occasional reports of lesions in other organs have been published. We report here an asymptomatic child Covid-19 patient with the main symptom of abdominal pain distension and without any respiratory symptoms.Case presentation. A 14 year-old male patient without respiratory involvement but with main complaints of fever, malaise, anorexia, and severe abdominal pain was admitted to a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Following general anaesthesia, laparotomy revealed distension of the small intestine and an adhesive ileo-caecal band that had produced ileum herniation without free fluid in the abdomen. The band was surgically severed and the patient referred to the recovery room. Because of pulse rate of 36-40 per min and respiratory rate of 140 and a saturated O2 of 86%, the patient was referred to the intensive care unit. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed bilateral, diffuse, peripheral dense areas of ground-glass appearance. A nasopharyngeal swab for Covid-19 diagnosis, ordered due to lymphopenia together with these diffuse lung infiltrations, showed a positive result. This led to drug treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin/oseltamivir and meropenem. The patient was febrile and developed tachycardia on the third day accompanied with a respiratory rate of 44/min. At this point, tracheal intubation was done but the patient died after 3 hours due to cardiac arrest.Conclusions. The case report brings forth the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal manifestation may be untypical symptoms of Covid-19 infection, and highlights the importance for the diagnosis to be based on combined laboratory-based data and scanning imagery.

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Covid-19: Pandemonium in our time

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Geospatial modelling on the spread and dynamics of 154 day outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh towards vulnerability zoning and management approaches

Geospatial modelling on the spread and dynamics of 154 day outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Bangladesh towards vulnerability zoning and management approaches

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Severe Covid-19 Infections: First Report from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Covid-19 infection without respiratory symptoms: case report of diagnosing a 14 year-old patient with acute abdomen

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