COVID-19 pandemic and alcohol consumption: Impacts and interconnections

Calina, Daniela; Hartung, Thomas; Mardare, Ileana; Mitroi, Mihaela; Poulas, Konstantinos; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Rogoveanu, Ion; Docea, Anca Oana

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.005

Cited by 121 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Expansion of off-trade sales often occurred simultaneously to the closure of workplaces, schools, childcare, leisure and physical activity centres [ 126 ]. Although evidence is still emerging, reports in the media and grey literature suggest increased drinking in the home in some countries [ 127 , 128 , 129 ] (largely off-setting reductions in on-premises drinking). These reports have appeared alongside several studies showing increased abusive head trauma among children [ 130 ] and family violence [ 131 , 132 ].…”

Section: Effective Interventions and Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Chikritzhs

Livingston

2021

Nutrients

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Globally, almost four and a half million people died from injury in 2019. Alcohol’s contribution to injury-related premature loss of life, disability and ill-health is pervasive, touching individuals, families and societies throughout the world. We conducted a review of research evidence for alcohol’s causal role in injury by focusing on previously published systematic reviews, meta-analyses and where indicated, key studies. The review summarises evidence for pharmacological and physiological effects that support postulated causal pathways, highlights findings and knowledge gaps relevant to specific forms of injury (i.e., violence, suicide and self-harm, road injury, falls, burns, workplace injuries) and lays out options for evidence-based prevention.

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Section: Effective Interventions and Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and the Risk of Injury

Chikritzhs

Livingston

2021

Nutrients

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“…In contrast, chronic heavy drinking (CHD) is often associated with a deficient immune response [ 15 , 81 ]. In this way, this consumption pattern is associated with an increased risk of infection by several viruses [ 82 ], and it has been suggested that it may lead to a greater severity and mortality from the recent COVID-19 pandemic [ 83 , 84 , 85 ]. In addition, subjects with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) show a worse postoperative recovery, a poor response to vaccination or a slower recovery from infections [ 81 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Immune System: Putting All the Pieces Togethermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota

Calleja‐Conde

Echeverry‐Alzate

Bühler

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The human gut is the largest organ with immune function in our body, responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. A diverse, complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, called microbiota, which exert a significant impact on the host during homeostasis and disease, supports this role. In fact, intestinal bacteria maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis, protecting our organism against pathogens. The development of numerous inflammatory disorders and infections has been linked to altered gut bacterial composition or dysbiosis. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota. For instance, diet is considered as one of the many drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the lifetime. By contrast, alcohol is one of the many factors that disrupt the proper functioning of the gut, leading to a disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity that increases the permeability of the mucosa, with the final result of a disrupted mucosal immunity. This damage to the permeability of the intestinal membrane allows bacteria and their components to enter the blood tissue, reaching other organs such as the liver or the brain. Although chronic heavy drinking has harmful effects on the immune system cells at the systemic level, this review focuses on the effect produced on gut, brain and liver, because of their significance in the link between alcohol consumption, gut microbiota and the immune system.

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“…One of the toxic stimuli that plays an important role seems to be excessive alcohol consumption. Recent work implies that it affects the immune system in a way that renders it more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and that the underlying mechanism includes the reduction of T lymphocytes, the increase of proinflammatory cytokines, the diminished function and number of natural killer cells and the inadequate function of the macrophages [ 20 ]. It has also been proposed that chronic ethanol consumption leads to malnutrition and lack of micronutrients that are necessary for the normal function of the immune system [ 21 ].…”

Section: Commonality Of Cfs To Ibd and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%