COVID-19 Outcomes: Does the Use of Psychotropic Drugs Make a Difference? Accumulating Evidence of a Beneficial Effect of Antidepressants—A Scoping Review

Bonnet, Udo; Juckel, Georg

doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000001543

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Further research into mechanisms of how depression may be an antecedent factor to Long COVID are needed. Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, may have protective effects in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 32 , 33 ], but understanding whether treatment with antidepressants or naltrexone [ 34 ] may prevent or treat Long COVID requires clinical trials [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study

Durstenfeld

Peluso

Peyser

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Few prospective studies of Long COVID risk factors have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, or medical history preceding COVID-19 or characteristics of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with Long COVID. Methods The COVID-19 Citizen Science (CCS) study is an online cohort study that began enrolling March 26, 2020, with longitudinal assessment of symptoms before, during, and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adult participants who reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result prior to April 4, 2022, were surveyed for Long COVID symptoms. The primary outcome was at least 1 prevalent Long COVID symptom greater than 1 month after acute infection. Exposures of interest included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, socioeconomic status/financial insecurity, self-reported medical history, vaccination status, variant wave, number of acute symptoms, pre-COVID depression, anxiety, alcohol and drug use, sleep, and exercise. Results Of 13,305 participants who reported a SARS-CoV-2 positive test, 1480 (11.1%) responded. Respondents’ mean age was 53 and 1017 (69%) were female. 476 (32.2%) reported Long COVID symptoms at a median 360 days after infection. In multivariable models, number of acute symptoms (OR 1.30 per symptom, 95%CI 1.20-1.40), lower socioeconomic status/financial insecurity (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.02-2.63), pre-infection depression (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01-1.16), and earlier variants (OR 0.37 for Omicron compared to ancestral strain, 95%CI 0.15-0.90) were associated with Long COVID symptoms. Conclusions Variant wave, severity of acute infection, lower socioeconomic status and pre-existing depression are associated with Long COVID symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study

Durstenfeld

Peluso

Peyser

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“… 36 , 37 A scoping review on the exposure of patients to psychotropic drugs reached interesting and congruent results. Bonnet et al 38 reached a conclusion that exposure to SSRI or SNRI drugs may reduce mortality rate of patients. This study found that other psychiatric drugs such as trazodone may have an effect on reducing infection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bonnet et al 38 reached a conclusion that exposure to SSRI or SNRI drugs may reduce mortality rate of patients. This study found that other psychiatric drugs such as trazodone may have an effect on reducing infection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on clinical outcome of COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Firouzabadi

Kheshti

Abdollahifard

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aim Due to the high social and economic burden and also mortality and morbidity caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the past few years, researchers have aimed at finding solutions to suppressing the severity of infection. Recently, selective serotonin and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRI) have been investigated as an adjuvant treatment for COVID‐19. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of SSRI/SNRIs on outcomes of COVID‐19 patients. Methods In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, a comprehensive search strategy consisting of relevant words was performed by two researchers in PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE libraries. Studies reporting the effect of SSRI and/or SNRI use in COVID‐19 patients' outcome were included. Hospitalization, mortality, hospitalization event, and length of hospital stay were considered as main outcomes of this study. Analysis was carried out using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (CMA‐version 2) and final data were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Our search led to the final selection of 9 articles including 15,287 patients. The effect of fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, and the overall effect of SSRI/SNRI use on mortality of COVID‐19 patients were investigated in 3, 2, and 7 articles, respectively. The results of our analyses showed that these medications could significantly decrease mortality of COVID‐19 patients (OR and 95% [CI]: 0.595 [0.467–0.758], 0.620 [0.469–0.821], and 0.596 [0.437–0.813]). The effect of SSRI/SNRIs on hospitalization events of COVID‐19 patients was not significant (OR: 0.240% and 95% CI: 0.041–1.4). Also, length of hospital stay was longer in patients who administrated SSRIs. Conclusion According to this study's results, SSRI/SNRIs may be effective in reducing mortality of COVID‐19 patients, suggesting the superiority of fluvoxamine to fluoxetine. The safety profile and affordable cost of SSRI/SNRIs for a short‐term use may be other reasons to propose them as beneficial medications in preventing mortality in COVID‐19.

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“…Certainly, substance dependence is associated with (often untreated) somatic comorbidity, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COPD, renal diseases, cancer and severe mental disorders (Farhoudian et al 2020;Balaram et al 2021), and the severity of these associated comorbidity is yet regarded as the primary risk factor for worse/fatal outcomes of COVID-19 (Farhoudian et al 2020;Hoertel et al 2022) but also of other infectious epidemic/pandemic diseases, such as influenza or AIDS. Further investigating the immune/resilience-modulatory role of addictive substances, such as opioids and cannabis/cannabinoids (Friedman et al 2006, Malinowska et al 2021, Paland et al 2021, van Breemen et al 2022, and non-addictive substances, such as antidepressants (Bonnet and Juckel 2022) and natural antioxidants (Choe et al 2022), appears to be a promising challenge to find new therapeutic or preventive approaches for improving the prognosis of COVID-19 and Long-COVID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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The interaction between cannabis use or addiction and SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes is obscure. As of 08/01/2022 among 57 evaluated epidemiological/clinical studies found in Pubmed-database, most evidence for how cannabis use patterns were influenced by the pandemic was given by two systematic reviews and 17 prospective studies, mostly involving adolescents. In this age group, cannabis use patterns have not changed markedly. For adults, several cross-sectional studies reported mixed results with cannabis use having increased, decreased or remained unchanged. Two cross-sectional studies demonstrated that the severity of adults´ cannabis dependence was either increased as a consequence of increasing cannabis use during the pandemic or not changed. Regarding the effect of cannabis use on COVID-19 outcomes, we found only five retrospective/cross-sectional studies. Accordingly, (i) cannabis use did not impact mild COVID-19 symptoms; (ii) cannabis using individuals experienced more COVID-19-related hospitalizations; (iii) cannabis using veterans were associated with reduced SARS-COV-2 infection rates; (iv) frequent cannabis use was significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality, and (v) cannabis dependents were at higher risk of COVID-19 breakthrough after vaccination. It should be outlined that the validity of these retrospective/cross-sectional studies (all self-reports or register/e-health-records) is rather low. Future prospective studies on the effects of cannabis use on SARS-COV-2 infection rates and COVID-19 outcomes are clearly required for conclusive risk–benefit assessments of the role of cannabis on users’ health during the pandemic. Moreover, substance dependence (including cannabis) is associated with (often untreated) somatic comorbidity, which severity is a proven key risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcomes.

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COVID-19 Outcomes: Does the Use of Psychotropic Drugs Make a Difference? Accumulating Evidence of a Beneficial Effect of Antidepressants—A Scoping Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study

Factors Associated With Long COVID Symptoms in an Online Cohort Study

The effect of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors on clinical outcome of COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cannabis use, abuse and dependence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

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