COVID-19 Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed HIV Infection in New York State

Tesoriero, James M.; Swain, Carol-Ann; Pierce, Jennifer L.; Zamboni, Lucila M; Wu, Meng; Holtgrave, David R.; Gonzalez, Charles J.; Udo, Tomoko; Morne, Johanne E.; Hart-Malloy, Rachel; Rajulu, Deepa T; Leung, Shu-Yin John; Rosenberg, Eli S.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069

Cited by 311 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are limited published reports from Africa on the immunogenicity of any COVID-19 vaccine 9 . PLWH are at greater risk for infectious diseases such as in uenza, including while being treated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) [17][18][19] , and are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease following SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared with HIV-negative individuals 3,[20][21][22][23][24] .The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that PLWH can choose to be vaccinated against COVID-19, but may have reduced immune responses to the vaccine 25 , while the World Health Organization recommends that PLWH are to be immunized with COVID-19 vaccines 26,27 . Although there are an estimated 38 million PLWH globally, there is limited knowledge on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH.…”

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confidence: 99%

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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

Madhi

Koen

Fairlie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern1. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared with HIV-negative individuals2-5, and are a high-risk group for COVID-19 prevention4. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has demonstrated safety and efficacy against COVID-19 in clinical trials6-8. To date, there are no reports on the safety and immunogenicity of this, or any COVID-19 vaccine, in PLWH, and reports on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in Africa are limited9. Here, we show comparable safety and immunogenicity of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals in South Africa. Furthermore, in PLWH previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, antibody responses increased substantially from baseline following a priming dose, with modest increases after a booster dose. Full-length spike and receptor-binding domain IgG geometric mean concentrations after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in PLWH previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were 6.49–6.84-fold higher than after two doses in those who were SARS-CoV-2 naïve at enrollment. Neutralizing antibody responses were consistent with the antibody-binding responses. This is the first report of a COVID-19 vaccine specific to PLWH, and specific to Africa, and demonstrates favorable safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in PLWH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

Madhi

Koen

Fairlie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The key predictors for poor outcomes of COVID-19 mentioned (i.e., age and comorbidities) in the dual viral infection remained being the same ones as seen for SARS-CoV-2 exclusive infection [ 68 , 87 , 88 ]. Nevertheless, in the light of new research arose, advanced immunodeficiency and uncontrolled HIV-infection, previously underestimated as risk factors by some studies [ 72 ], were now well established as possible determinants of severity of COVID-19, showing increased rates of hospitalization and death [ 52 , 89 , 90 ]. Furthermore, lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 was prognostic of poor outcomes [ 26 , 42 ], so it would be logical to assume that immunodeficiency (defined as CD4 count <350/µL) during admission in PLWH was associated with COVID-19 death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

González-Domenech

Pérez-Hernández²,

Gómez-Ayerbe

et al. 2021

Viruses

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By the middle of 2021, we are still immersed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The concurrence of this new pandemic in regions where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections possess the same epidemiological consideration, has arisen concerns about the prognosis, clinical management, symptomatology, and treatment of patients with triple infection. At the same time, healthcare services previously devoted to diagnosis and treatment of TB and HIV are being jeopardized by the urgent need of resources and attention for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this review was to collect any article considering the three conditions (HIV, TB, and SARS-CoV-2), included in PubMed/Medline and published in the English language since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on detailed descriptions of the unusual cases describing the three co-infections. Eighty-four out of 184 publications retrieved met our inclusion criteria, but only three of them reported cases (five in total) with the three concomitant infections. The clinical evolution, management, and therapy of all of them were not different from mild/severe cases with exclusive COVID-19; the outcome was not worse either, with recovery for the five patients. Cases of patients with COVID-19 besides HIV and TB infections are scarce in literature, but studies deliberately embracing the triple infection as a priori inclusion criterion should be carried out in order to provide a complete understanding of joint influence.

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“…Therefore, other immunodeficiency states attended by humoral deficits that may affect COVID-19 clinical outcomes were not evaluated. Among these other diseases and corresponding immunodeficiency states, HIV infection deserves specific comment given the significant public health implications in relationship to COVID-19 [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing B Cell Depletion Therapy and Those with Humoral Immunodeficiency States: A Scoping Review

Jones

Faruqi

Sullivan

et al. 2021

PAI

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Background: The role of humoral immunity has been well established in reducing infection risk and facilitating viral clearance in patients with COVID-19. However, the relationship between specific antibody responses and severity of COVID-19 is less well understood. Methods: To address this question and identify gaps in knowledge, we utilized the methodology of a scoping review to interrogate risk of infection and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with iatrogenic and inborn humoral immunodeficiency states based on existing literature. Results: Among patients with iatrogenic B-cell depletion, particularly with agents targeting CD20, our analysis found increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death across a range of underlying disease states. Among patients with humoral inborn errors of immunity with COVID-19, our synthesis found that patients with dysregulated humoral immunity, predominantly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 than patients with humoral immunodeficiency states due to X-linked agammaglobulinemia and other miscellaneous forms of humoral immunodeficiency. There were insufficient data to appraise the risk of COVID-19 infection in both populations of patients. Conclusions: Our work identifies potentially significant predictors of COVID-19 severity in patients with humoral immunodeficiency states and highlights the need for larger studies to control for clinical and biologic confounders of disease severity.

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COVID-19 Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed HIV Infection in New York State

Cited by 311 publications

References 41 publications

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine in People Living With and Without HIV

A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients Undergoing B Cell Depletion Therapy and Those with Humoral Immunodeficiency States: A Scoping Review

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