Covid-19 Outbreak in Brazil: Health, Social, Political, and Economic Implications

Sott, Michele Kremer; Bender, Mariluza Sott; Baum, Kamila da Silva

doi:10.1177/00207314221122658

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Based on the literature [31], we expected to found increased stress in remote workers. However, our ndings suggest that both groups are at risk of mental disorders, mainly at 12-months follow-up, in which the number of cases and deaths were extremely high in Brazil [32]. Thus, these ndings indicate that the mental health conditions may be a consequence of pandemic and the virus itself and not the work arrangement [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health and infection rates of on-site and remote Brazilian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study

Andrade,

Andrews,

Sato

2024

Preprint

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Background At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, some workers had the opportunity to work from home, while others remained in on-site work. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychosocial aspects, work ability, mental health conditions and infection rates of Brazilian workers in remote and on-site work through a longitudinal study with quarterly follow-up assessments over a 12-month period.Method A total of 1,211 workers from different economic sectors participated in the study, 897 of whom (74.1%) worked from home and 314 (25.9%) remained in on-site work. Psychosocial aspects were assessed using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS). Mental health conditions and infection rate were recorded based on self-reported medical diagnoses. Online questionnaires were answered from June 2020 to September 2021, involving two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were compared using chi-square tests, t-tests, and two-way ANOVA.Results In the first wave of the pandemic, remote workers reported more quantitative demands and work-family conflicts, whereas on-site workers reported more emotional demands, low development of new skills, low commitment, low predictability, low recognition, and low satisfaction. They also reported greater occurrences of unwanted sexual attention, threats of violence, and physical violence. In the second wave, the remote group continued to report high work-family conflicts, whereas the on-site group reported – in addition to the results of the 1st wave – low influence at work, low quality of leadership, and burnout. No significant difference was found between groups with regards to the WAI in either wave (1st wave: P = 0.46; 2nd wave: P = 0.62). Most workers in both groups reported good work ability in both periods. For the WAS, a significant difference was found between the 3rd and 12th months (P < 0.01) in both groups, with a mean reduction of 0.4 points.Conclusions Psychosocial critical aspects differed between groups. Work ability and mental health conditions were similar between remote and on-site workers. The encouragement of remote work could have prevented COVID contamination in the Brazilian population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health and infection rates of on-site and remote Brazilian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study

Andrade,

Andrews,

Sato

2024

Preprint

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“…The virus was adaptive with new variants, it required new types of vaccines, and the experiences varied among people, communities, and countries. Additionally, several countries did not immediately comply with the general global response mechanisms thereby posing greater challenges for managing COVID‐19 (Engler et al, 2021; Hamisi et al, 2023; Sott et al, 2022; Yan et al, 2020). COVID‐19 required high levels of collaboration and coordination among multiple actors since no single modalities seem to have had a definitive solution.…”

Section: Covid‐19 Complexity and Management Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network governance as an alternative policy response to managing infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from Uganda's response to the COVID‐19 crisis

Mwije

2023

Risk Hazard & Crisis Pub Pol

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Network governance is commended as one of the appropriate approaches to manage infectious disease crises, but knowledge of its implementation is still limited especially in nondemocratic contexts. This study adopted a qualitative case study design using secondary evidence to review how Uganda used network governance to manage COVID‐19 crisis. Uganda used the Whole of Government and Whole of Society approaches to form core‐periphery networks of government and nongovernment actors. It institutionalized task forces and subcommittees at national, district, and community levels to coordinate the COVID‐19 response. Networks of actors contributed to the response through case surveillance and management, enforcement of measures, information sharing, social protection and community engagement, resource mobilization, supply chain management, and vaccination. However, the experiences varied across the country with challenges including consensus problems, mistrust, corruption, poor accountability, abuse of rights, and limited capacities especially in local governments. The study revealed that the effectiveness in handling infectious disease crisis might not greatly depend on the country's democracy but rather the government's ability to recognize the threats and adopt collaborative mechanisms to manage the crisis. Contextual understanding of such experiences may provide lessons that future governments may consider when, not if, crises of such magnitude confront them.

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“…Thus, a fourth dose of vaccine was offered in some countries. Brazil began to provide a fourth dose of vaccine to the most vulnerable populations, including HCWs in March 2022 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazil began to provide a fourth dose of vaccine to the most vulnerable populations, including HCWs in March 2022. 12 We have monitored the antibody response of the same cohort of HCWs for every dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, during the three COVID-19 waves in Brazil. Previously we showed that CoronaVac (Sinovac) induced an antibody response against both the viral S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 that declined over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response following the fourth SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose during the Omicron wave in Brazil

Silva,

de Oliveira,

Pinto

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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We investigated the impact of the fourth dose with ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AstraZeneca) in the humoral immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 during a 9‐month follow‐up period in which Omicron was the predominant variant in Brazil. IgG for the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were analyzed in samples collected before and after the fourth dose. All participants were tested monthly for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by RT‐qPCR. The antibody response induced by the fourth dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine was evaluated and compared with the response induced by the second and third doses. The additional antibody response to the viral S protein after the fourth dose was smaller than those after the third vaccine dose. In contrast, an increase in the N IgG levels could be observed after the fourth dose compared to other vaccine doses. In the comparison of the antibody response before and after the fourth dose, an increase in both S‐and‐N IgG was noted, mainly in the positive qPCR group. We did not observe a significant decline in IgG levels after the fourth dose, as observed after the second and third doses, therefore, a sustained humoral response to both S and N proteins seems to be achieved.

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Covid-19 Outbreak in Brazil: Health, Social, Political, and Economic Implications

Cited by 30 publications

References 69 publications

Psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health and infection rates of on-site and remote Brazilian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study

Psychosocial work aspects, work ability, mental health and infection rates of on-site and remote Brazilian workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a longitudinal study

Network governance as an alternative policy response to managing infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from Uganda's response to the COVID‐19 crisis

Antibody response following the fourth SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose during the Omicron wave in Brazil

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