COVID-19 Messed Up My Research: Insights from Physical Activity and Nutrition Translational Research

Turner‐McGrievy, Gabrielle; Halliday, Tanya M.; Moore, Justin B.

doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000169

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Prior research has shown that people following a vegan diet have lower energy intakes and higher fiber intakes (both of which should promote weight loss 38 ) than those following an omnivorous diet. 39 In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on diet and physical activity interventions, 40 and the NEW Soul study was no exception. Cohort 2 was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater degree, with their in-person classes moving to remote before their 1-year assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Plant-Based vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet on Weight and Lipid Levels Among African American Adults

et al. 2023

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ImportanceMore African American individuals die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than any other chronic disease condition. Despite this disparity, African American individuals are underrepresented in nutrition and CVD interventions.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of an entirely plant-based (vegan) or low-fat omnivorous (omni) diet on change in body weight and lipids during a 2-year intervention.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Nutritious Eating With Soul (NEW Soul) study was a 2-year, randomized clinical trial conducted in 2 cohorts (2018-2020 and 2019-2021) that took place in a university teaching kitchen in Columbia, South Carolina (before March 2020), and via online videoconference sessions (after March 2020). Participants included African American adults aged 18 to 65 years with overweight or obesity (body mass index of 25.0-49.9) and without type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled thyroid disease, recent weight loss, or pregnancy. Data assessors and statisticians were blinded to study condition. Data analysis was performed from March to June 2022.InterventionsThe intervention included weekly nutrition classes for 6 months biweekly classes for 6 months, and monthly classes for 12 months. Dietary interventions either emphasized no animal product intake (vegan) or a low-fat omnivorous diet (omni). Both dietary patterns emphasized soul food cuisine (traditional African American southern foodways).Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes included change in body weight and lipid measures at 12 months.ResultsThere were 568 participants who completed an online screening questionnaire; 409 were excluded and 159 were randomized (77 to the vegan group and 82 to the omni group). Of the 159 participants (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [10.6] years; 126 female [79%]) who began the study, the main outcome of body weight was obtained for 121 participants (76%) at 12 months. There were no differences in outcomes between groups, including 12-month changes in weight (mean, –2.39 kg [95% CI, –3.48 to –1.30 kg] for the vegan group vs –2.03 kg [95% CI, –3.07 to –1.00 kg] for the omni group; P = .64), total cholesterol (–1.05 mg/dL [95% CI, –9.60 to 7.50 mg/dL] for the vegan group vs 1.66 mg/dL [95% CI, –7.20 to 10.50 mg/dL] for the omni group; P = .67), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean, –2.56 mg/dL [95% CI, –9.52 to 4.40 mg/dL] for the vegan group vs –0.79 mg/dL [95% CI, –7.98 to 6.40 mg/dL] for the omni group; P = .73). Weight loss at 12 months among cohort 1, whose weight was assessed in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, was significantly greater than that for cohort 2, whose weight was assessed summer 2020 during COVID-19 (–3.45 kg [95% CI, –4.67 to –2.22 kg] vs –1.24 kg [95% CI, –2.24 to –0.25 kg]; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial examining weight loss and CVD risk factor reduction among African American adults, there were no differences between the groups, and the magnitude of changes overall was small.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03354377

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Plant-Based vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet on Weight and Lipid Levels Among African American Adults

et al. 2023

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“…Data collection is completely remote, in part driven by the necessary COVID-19 pandemic protocol adjustments [ 23 ]. Interested participants will be directed to an informational website through a QR code or hyperlink.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions [ 23 ], caregiver and child height and weight are collected via caregiver report on the baseline survey. BMI (kg/m 2 ) is calculated for caregivers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Microtemporal Processes Underlying Preschoolers’ Screen Use and Behavioral Health: Protocol for the Tots and Tech Study

Reesor-Oyer¹,

Parker²,

Burkart³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Excessive screen time is associated with poor health and behavioral outcomes in children. However, research on screen time use has been hindered by methodological limitations, including retrospective reports of usual screen time and lack of momentary etiologic processes occurring within each day. Objective This study is designed to assess the feasibility and utility of a comprehensive multibehavior protocol to measure the digital media use and screen time context among a racially and economically diverse sample of preschoolers and their families. This paper describes the recruitment, data collection, and analytical protocols for the Tots and Tech study. Methods The Tots and Tech study is a longitudinal, observational study of 100 dyads: caregivers and their preschool-age children (aged 3-5 years). Both caregivers and children will wear an Axivity AX3 accelerometer (Axivity Ltd) for 30 days to assess their physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Caregivers will complete ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) for 1 week to measure child behavioral problems, caregiver stress, and child screen time. Results The Tots and Tech study was funded in March 2020. This study maintains rolling recruitment, with each dyad on their own assessment schedule, depending on the time of enrollment. Enrollment was scheduled to take place between September 2020 and May 2022. We aim to enroll 100 caregiver-child dyads. The Tots and Tech outcome paper is expected to be published in 2022. Conclusions The Tots and Tech study attempts to overcome previous methodological limitations by using objective measures of screen time, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep behaviors with contextual factors measured by EMA. The results will be used to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a comprehensive multibehavior protocol using objective measures of mobile screen time and accelerometry in conjunction with EMA among caregiver-child dyads. Future observational and intervention studies will be able to use this study protocol to better measure screen time and its context. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/36240

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“…The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at the University of South Carolina in August 2020 (Pro00092634). Owing to COVID-19 protocol adjustments [25], consent was obtained remotely. Interested participants were directed to an informational website that described the study procedures and participant rights and protections and included a web-based consent form.…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

Parker¹,

Burkart²,

Reesor-Oyer³

et al. 2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background Digital media has made screen time more available across multiple contexts, but our understanding of the ways children and families use digital media has lagged behind the rapid adoption of this technology. Objective This study evaluated the feasibility of an intensive longitudinal data collection protocol to objectively measure digital media use, physical activity, sleep, sedentary behavior, and socioemotional context among caregiver-child dyads. This paper also describes preliminary convergent validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures and preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and phone use collected from passive mobile sensing. Methods Caregivers and their preschool-aged child (3-5 years) were recruited to complete a 30-day assessment protocol. Within 30-days, caregivers completed 7 days of EMA to measure child behavior problems and caregiver stress. Caregivers and children wore an Axivity AX3 (Newcastle Upon Tyne) accelerometer to assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Phone use was assessed via passive mobile sensing; we used Chronicle for Android users and screenshots of iOS screen time metrics for iOS users. Participants were invited to complete a second 14-day protocol approximately 3-12 months after their first assessment. We used Pearson correlations to examine preliminary convergent validity between validated questionnaire measures of caregiver psychological functioning, child behavior, and EMA items. Root mean square errors were computed to examine the preliminary agreement between caregiver self-reported phone use and objective phone use. Results Of 110 consenting participants, 105 completed all protocols (105/110, 95.5% retention rate). Compliance was defined a priori as completing ≥70%-75% of each protocol task. There were high compliance rates for passive mobile sensing for both Android (38/40, 95%) and iOS (64/65, 98%). EMA compliance was high (105/105, 100%), but fewer caregivers and children were compliant with accelerometry (62/99, 63% and 40/100, 40%, respectively). Average daily phone use was 383.4 (SD 157.0) minutes for Android users and 354.7 (SD 137.6) minutes for iOS users. There was poor agreement between objective and caregiver self-reported phone use; root mean square errors were 157.1 and 81.4 for Android and iOS users, respectively. Among families who completed the first assessment, 91 re-enrolled to complete the protocol a second time, approximately 7 months later (91/105, 86.7% retention rate). Conclusions It is feasible to collect intensive longitudinal data on objective digital media use simultaneously with accelerometry and EMA from an economically and racially diverse sample of families with preschool-aged children. The high compliance and retention of the study sample are encouraging signs that these methods of intensive longitudinal data collection can be completed in a longitudinal cohort study. The lack of agreement between self-reported and objectively measured mobile phone use highlights the need for additional research using objective methods to measure digital media use. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-36240

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COVID-19 Messed Up My Research: Insights from Physical Activity and Nutrition Translational Research

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of a Plant-Based vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet on Weight and Lipid Levels Among African American Adults

Effect of a Plant-Based vs Omnivorous Soul Food Diet on Weight and Lipid Levels Among African American Adults

Measuring Microtemporal Processes Underlying Preschoolers’ Screen Use and Behavioral Health: Protocol for the Tots and Tech Study

Feasibility of Measuring Screen Time, Activity, and Context Among Families With Preschoolers: Intensive Longitudinal Pilot Study

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