COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment

Abstract

This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of Journal Pre-proof

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

“…By increasing the activity of the anti-oxidative enzymes, these beneficial effects of OEA can be justified (33,34). It has been suggested that excessive inflammation, oxidation and an increased…”

Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID–19: a possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients?

“…In animal models, this natural hormone has been shown to improve acute lung injury by acting as a direct antioxidant and via melatonin receptor activation. The protective effect of Ramelteon (an MRA) against ventilatoreinduced lung injury, has recently been shown to depend on the upregulation of Interleukin (IL-10) in rats [5].…”

Putative contributions of circadian clock and sleep in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…Sleep, a circadian behavioral manifestation of major regulatory homeostatic mechanisms such as those associated with immunity, has also been shown to interact with host defenses at the molecular and cellular levels. Indeed, extensive literature has indicated the important role of homeostatic sleep in innate and adaptive immunity (46). Furthermore, there are clear reciprocal dependencies between sleep duration and quality and the immune responses against viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, the latter altering in turn sleep patterns (46).…”

“…Indeed, extensive literature has indicated the important role of homeostatic sleep in innate and adaptive immunity (46). Furthermore, there are clear reciprocal dependencies between sleep duration and quality and the immune responses against viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens, the latter altering in turn sleep patterns (46). Thus, it is likely that improved sleep quality and duration in the population may mitigate the propagation and severity of disease induced by SASRS-Cov-2 infection.…”