COVID-19 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the kinin system; looking at a potential treatment

Tolouian, Ramin; Vahed, Sepideh Zununi; Ghiyasvand, Shahram; Tolouian, Audrey C; Ardalan, Mohammadreza

doi:10.34172/jrip.2020.19

Cited by 90 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…But more studies regarding BK-mediated urticaria are needed. [8][9][10] Letters to the Editor Apparently, previous studies showed there was not any correlation of urticaria in COVID-19 with disease's severity, which is consistent with our case, because the patient was in stable condition and to date has fully recovered.…”

Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia

Gunawan

Aramburo

Widysanto³

2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Section: Dear Editorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia

Gunawan

Aramburo

Widysanto³

2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…ACE-2 KO mice exhibit severe pathology of ARDS and age-related loss of ACE-2 in the lungs correlates with increased mortality and worsened phenotype in elderly patients with COVID-19 [60,64]. Exogenous administration of ACE-2 in patients with ARDS did not show any difference in oxygenation index or clinical outcomes, although there was a trend of decreasing IL-6 concentrations [65]. A recent study showed that upregulation of ZEB1 reduced ACE-2 expression, which in turn downregulated claudins, thus, increasing risk and pathogenesis of edema and ARDS in COVID-19 patients [66].…”

Section: Role Of Ace-2 and Tmprss2 In Lung Disease/covid-19mentioning

confidence: 86%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Lung Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Modalities

Gupta

Rizeq

Elkord

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Human coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, are emerging pandemic infectious diseases with high morbidity and mortality in certain group of patients. In general, SARS-CoV-2 causes symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe conditions accompanied by lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome in addition to other organs’ destruction. The main impact upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. Thus, lung cancer patients are identified as a particularly high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications. On the other hand, it has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), that promotes cellular entry of this virus in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Today, there are no vaccines and/or effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Thus, manipulation of key entry genes of this virus especially in lung cancer patients could be one of the best approaches to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group of patients. We herein provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 genes, as key entry elements as well as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can help to better understand the applications and capacities of various remedial approaches for infected individuals, especially those with lung cancer.

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“…Following viral binding, ACE2 expression and activity is eventually downregulated by the virus through multiple mechanisms, preventing it from performing its usual function in states of health (40). The downregulation of ACE2 signaling induces the kallikrein-kinin system which is activated during in ammatory conditions with vascular-alveolar uid extravasation, leukocyte extravasation and recruitment to the lung and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung injury and pneumonia (41).…”

Section: Other Ace2-related Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19

Toma

Dierssen

2020

Preprint

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 has spread uncontrollably worldwide while we still ignore how particularly vulnerable populations, such as Down syndrome (DS) individuals are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with DS have more risk of infections with respiratory complications and present signs of auto-inflammation. They also suffer from multiple comorbidities that are associated with poorer COVID-19 prognosis in the general population. All this might place DS individuals at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or poorer clinical outcomes.Methods: In order to get insight into the interplay between DS genes and SARS-cov2 infection and pathogenesis we retrieved the genes belonging to the molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and the host proteins interacting with viral proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We therefore analyzed the overlaps of these genes with HSA21 genes, HSA21 interactors and other genes consistently differentially expressed in DS (using public transcriptomic datasets) creating a DS-SARS-CoV-2 network.Results: We detected COVID-19 protective and risk factors that might affect the susceptibility of individuals with DS both at the infection stage and in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that at the infection stage DS individuals might be more susceptible to infection due to triplication of TMPRSS2, that primes the viral S protein for entry in the host cells, even though the anti-viral interferon I signaling is upregulated in DS and this might increase the initial anti-viral response. In the second pro-inflammatory immunopathogenic phase of the infection, the prognosis for DS patients might worsen due to upregulation of inflammatory genes that might favor the typical cytokine storm of COVID-19. We also detected strong downregulation of the NLRP3 gene, critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections, possibly leading to bacterial infection complications.

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COVID-19 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the kinin system; looking at a potential treatment

Cited by 90 publications

References 24 publications

Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia

Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Lung Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Modalities

Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19

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