Covid-19 infection-induced neuromyelitis optica: a case report

Batum, Melike; Ak, Ayşın Kısabay; Mavioğlu, Hatice

doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1860036

Cited by 27 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 may affect the neurosystem by direct viral invasion and/or overactivation of inflammations and autoimmune responses. There have been three cases of NMOSD that developed during the recovery period of COVID-19 [ 1 – 3 ]. With the recent availability of COVID-19 vaccine, the rarely post-vaccination transverse myelitis and Bell’s palsy had raised concerns on vaccine safety [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19

Chen

Xiu

et al. 2021

Neurol Sci

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With recent availability of COVID-19 vaccine, post-vaccination neurological complications had been occasionally reported. Here, we reported for the first time a case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) that developed after the first dose of inactivated virus vaccine for COVID-19. The patient developed mild fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and cough after receiving the first dose of inactivated virus vaccine. Two months later, she experienced dizziness and unsteady walking. MRI scanning of the brain revealed lesions in area postrema and bilateral hypothalamus, typical for NMOSD. Serum antibodies for AQP4, ANA, SSA, SSB, Ro-52, and p-ANCA were positive. The patient was diagnosed as AQP4-positive NMOSD with coexisting systemic autoimmunity. After treatment with methylprednisolone (500 mg for 5 days), symptoms were greatly relieved. As NMOSD is seriously harmful and curative, it is important to be aware of the NMOSD symptoms after vaccination. Cautions should be given for those with preexisting systemic autoimmune abnormalities in vaccination for COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19

Chen

Xiu

et al. 2021

Neurol Sci

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“…It does occur very rarely, but recent reports of neuromyelitis optica, in which the immune system attacks the spinal cord and optic nerves, paraplegia due to an epidural abscess, and cervicothoracic myelopathy, in patients with COVID-19 from that we can confirm that COVID-19 affects the spinal cord are available in the literature [141][142][143][144].…”

Section: Spinal Cord Injury In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 78%

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

emergent mater.

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COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system (CNS) indirectly by inflammatory mechanisms and even directly enter the CNS. Thereby, COVID-19 can evoke a range of neurosensory conditions belonging to infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative classes. A broad range of non-specific options, including anti-viral agents and anti-inflammatory protocols, is available with varying therapeutic. Due to the high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19–related brain damage, some changes to these general protocols, however, are necessary for ensuring the delivery of therapeutic(s) to the specific components of the CNS to meet their specific requirements. The biomaterials approach permits crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and drug delivery in a more accurate and sustained manner. Beyond the BBB, drugs can protect neural cells, stimulate endogenous stem cells, and induce plasticity more effectively. Biomaterials for cell delivery exist, providing an efficient tool to improve cell retention, survival, differentiation, and integration. This paper will review the potentials of the biomaterials approach for the damaged CNS in COVID-19. It mainly includes biomaterials for promoting synaptic plasticity and modulation of inflammation in the post-stroke brain, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and conductive biomaterials to facilitate neural regeneration, and artificial nerve conduits for treatment of neuropathies. Also, biosensing surfaces applicable to the first sensory interface between the host and the virus that encourage the generation of accelerated anti-viral immunity theoretically offer hope in solving COVID-19.

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“…Eight patients (30.8%) 11 – 13 , 17 , 19 – 21 , 25 presented demyelinating changes in “thoracic region only.” Demyelinating change in “cervical region only” was seen in six patients (23.1%). 18 , 26 – 28 , 30 , 31 Another 12 patients (46.1%) 14 – 16 , 22 – 26 , 29 , 38 , 40 , 41 showed demyelinating changes in both the cervical and thoracic regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 35 Among the patients with LETM lesions ( n = 25), demyelinating lesions in the entire spinal cord (upper cervical to conus) were seen in three patients. 14 , 15 , 40 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical Features, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings of Patients With Acute Inflammatory Myelopathy After COVID-19 Infection

Barman

Sahoo

Viswanath

et al. 2021

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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The objective of this review was to analyze the existing data on acute inflammatory myelopathies associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, which were reported globally in 2020. PubMed, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and online publication databases were searched. Thirty-three acute inflammatory myelopathy cases (among them, seven cases had associated brain lesions) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection were reported. Demyelinating change was seen in cervical and thoracic regions (27.3% each, separately). Simultaneous involvement of both regions, cervical and thoracic, was seen in 45.4% of the patients. Most acute inflammatory myelopathy disorders reported sensory motor and bowel bladder dysfunctions. On cerebrospinal fluid analysis, pleocytosis and increased protein were reported in 56.7% and 76.7% of the patients, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was positive in five patients. On T2-weighted imaging, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and short-segment demyelinating lesions were reported in 76% and 21%, respectively. Among the patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, 61% reported “moderate to significant” improvement and 26% demonstrated “no improvement” in the motor function of lower limbs. Demyelinating changes in the entire spinal cord were observed in three patients. Most of the patients with acute inflammatory myelopathy (including brain lesions) were treated with methylprednisolone (81.8%) and plasma-exchange therapy (42.4%). An early treatment, especially with intravenous methylprednisolone with or without immunoglobulin and plasma-exchange therapy, helped improve motor recovery in the patients with acute inflammatory myelopathy associated with coronavirus disease 2019.

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Covid-19 infection-induced neuromyelitis optica: a case report

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19

Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Clinical Features, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings of Patients With Acute Inflammatory Myelopathy After COVID-19 Infection

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