COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, Including People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Jakharia, Niyati; Subramanian, Aruna; Shapiro, Adrienne E.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2022.01.006

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Immunocompromised individuals due to cancer, hematologic malignancies, solid-organ transplantation, innate immunodeficiency, or other causes of immunosuppression (e.g., people living with HIV or those receiving immunomodulatory agents for treatment of autoimmune disease) are at presumed risk of more severe COVID-19, hospitalization, and death from complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, a more recent review has documented that subjects with immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk of critical course, longer hospitalization, and lethal outcome of COVID-19 [ 70 ]. This holds specifically true for certain SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P1 (gamma), and B1.6172 (delta) [ 71 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 and Post-covid Syndrome In Immunocompromised Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID Syndrome in Adults—An Overview

Scharf

Anaya²

2023

Viruses

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This article provides an overview of various aspects related to post-COVID syndrome. Apart from its prevalence, symptoms and sequelae, risk determinants, and psychosocial implications, the pathogenesis of post-COVID condition is discussed in more detail. A focus on thrombo-inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, and the prevalence of venous thromboembolism is made. Moreover, COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome in immunocompromising conditions, and the impact of vaccination on the prevention and treatment of post-COVID symptoms are reviewed. Autoimmunity is a hallmark of post-COVID syndrome, and, therefore, is another focus of this article. Thus, misdirected cellular and humoral immune responses can enhance the risk of latent autoimmunity in post-COVID syndrome. Facing the high prevalence of COVID-19 cases worldwide, it can be assumed that autoimmune disorders will increase globally over the next few years. Recent advances in identifying genetically determined variants may open the avenue for a better understanding of the susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-COVID syndrome.

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Section: Covid-19 and Post-covid Syndrome In Immunocompromised Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID Syndrome in Adults—An Overview

Scharf

Anaya²

2023

Viruses

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“…It has been shown [ 56 , 57 ] that patients with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, hay fever, and eczema have a substantially reduced risk of COVID-19, which may be due to the fact that allergic reactions can reduce angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression, which in turn hinders SARS-COV-2 receptor gene expression in humans. However, a recent study showed that subjects with immunocompromised disease had more severe COVID-19, longer hospital stays and an increased risk of fatal outcome of COVID-19 [ 58 ]; and the risk of Long COVID was relatively elevated in patients with allergy history and depressed immune function, which would be further compromised after infection with COVID-19, making it difficult to fight the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of influencing factors on long COVID in COVID-19 patients infected with omicron variant three months after discharge: a cross-sectional study

Shang,

Chang,

Yang

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background The purpose of this study is to analyze the influencing factors associated with Long-COVID in patients infected with Omicron variant of COVID-19 in Changchun City, Jilin Province, China three months after discharge in March 2022. Methods In this study, we conducted a telephone follow-up based on the real-world data collected from the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Tongyuan Shelter Hospital and Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in Changchun in March 2022. We used the Global COVID-19 Clinical Platform Case Report Form for Post COVID condition as a follow-up questionnaire to collect the general information, past medical history, clinical symptoms, COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses, and other relevant information to analyze the symptom characteristics of COVID-19 patients three months after discharge from the hospital and related factors affecting Long COVID. Results A total of 1,806 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study, 977 males and 829 females, with a mean age of 38.5 [30.0, 49.4] years, and the number of female patients suffering from Long COVID (50.87%) was greater than male patients (p = 0.023). The binary logistic regression analysis of factors influencing Long COVID showed that smoking history (OR (95%CI) = 0.551(0.425–0.714), p < 0.001, taking never smoking as a reference), allergy history (OR (95%CI) = 1.618 (1.086–2.413), p-value 0.018, taking no allergy as a reference), first symptoms (OR (95%CI) = 0.636 (0.501–0.807), p < 0.001, with no first symptoms as reference) and COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses (OR (95%CI) = 1.517 (1.190–1.933), p-value 0.001, with ≤ 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine inoculation doses as reference) constituted its influencing factors. The first symptoms of patients on admission mainly included fever (512 cases, 71.81%), cough (279 cases, 39.13%) and dry or itchy throat (211 cases, 29.59%). The most common symptoms of Long COVID were persistent fatigue (68 cases), amnesia (61 cases), insomnia (50 cases) and excessive sweating (50 cases). Conclusion The first symptoms on admission were predominantly fever, cough and dry or itchy throat. The most common symptoms of Long COVID were persistent fatigue, amnesia, insomnia and excessive sweating, and female patients were at a higher risk of Long COVID.

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“…Over the first two waves of COVID-19, there have been reports that immunocompromised pediatric patients were at no increased risk of severe COVID-19 [ 26 – 28 ]. In contrast, other authors found that persons with immunocompromising conditions are at elevated risk of severe outcomes, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 [ 29 ]. In our cohort of immunocompromised children, 89% had asymptomatic or mild disease, with no difference between the first and third waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in immunocompromised children: comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between the first and third waves

et al. 2023

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SARS-CoV-2 dynamics across different COVID-19 waves has been unclear in immunocompromised children. We aimed to compare the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load (VL) during the first and third waves of COVID-19 in immunocompromised children. A retrospective and longitudinal cohort study was conducted in a pediatric referral hospital of Argentina. The study included 28 admitted immunocompromised children with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirteen acquired the infection during COVID-19 first wave (May to August 2020, group 1 (G1)) and fifteen in the third wave (January to March 2022, group 2 (G2)). RNA viral load measure and its dynamic reconstruction were performed in nasopharyngeal swabs by validated quantitative, real time RT-PCR, and linear mixed-effects model, respectively. Of the 28 children included, 54% were girls, most of them had hemato-oncological pathology (57%), and the median age was 8 years (interquartile range (IQR): 3–13). The dynamic of VL was similar in both groups ( P = 0.148), starting from a level of 5.34 log 10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.47–6.21) in G1 and 5.79 log 10 copies/mL (95% CI: 4.93–6.65) in G2. Then, VL decayed with a rate of 0.059 (95% CI: 0.038–0.080) and 0.088 (95% CI: 0.058–0.118) log 10 copies/mL per day since diagnosis and fell below the limit of quantification at days 51 and 39 after diagnosis in G1 and G2, respectively. Our results evidenced a longer viral RNA persistence in immunocompromised pediatric patients and no difference in VL dynamic between COVID-19 first wave—attributed to ancestral infections—and third wave—attributed to Omicron infections.

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COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, Including People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 7 publications

References 113 publications

Post-COVID Syndrome in Adults—An Overview

Post-COVID Syndrome in Adults—An Overview

Analysis of influencing factors on long COVID in COVID-19 patients infected with omicron variant three months after discharge: a cross-sectional study

COVID-19 in immunocompromised children: comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between the first and third waves

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