COVID 19 in pregnancy; obstetrical and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective comparative study

Abstract

Background: COVID 19 is a new pandemic affecting human life globally. Complexity in management is because little is known about effect of COVID 19, particularly its effect on pregnant women and infants. Pregnant women with comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe effects of COVID 19 infection. The aim of this retrospective study is to review the perinatal outcome in pregnant women affected by COVID 19. Materials and Methods: This was a single centre retrospective comparative study performed at COVID referral centre. The study was conducted in 4 months duration in patients diagnosed COVID 19 positive and were compared with all pregnant women who were tested COVID negative and delivered during the same time frame. Data collected from individual case records included age, parity and complications in the antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods and also neonatal outcome. Results: Out of 28 patients there were 6 (21.4%) patients who presented with fever, 4 (14.3%) patients presented with cough, 2 (7.14%) patients presented with shortness of breath, 14 (50%) were asymptomatic who were incidentally diagnosed on COVID testing based on routine hospital testing policy. Mean age was 25.35 ± 3.31 years in COVID positive patients and was comparable to COVID negative patients who had mean age of 26.16 ± 3.32 years. Parity was comparable in two groups. 8 (28.5%) out of 28 had preterm delivery as compared to 13 (11.6%) out of 112 in COVID negative group, p value was significant (p=0.0245. In COVID positive group 18 (64.3%) out of 28 had c-section, whereas 40 (35.7%) out of 112 underwent cesarean section (p=0.006). Conclusion:There has been increase in preterm delivery in COVID positive pregnant women. This study emphasize on the need for regular antenatal and medical follow up and good perinatal care for COVID positive mothers.

SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence and maternal‐perinatal outcomes among pregnant women admitted for delivery: Experience from COVID‐19‐dedicated maternity hospital in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (India)

“…Various previous studies also asserted comparatively higher obstetric complications in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive pregnant women in comparison to SARS‐CoV‐2 negative pregnant women with no statistically significant difference 60 . Therefore, obstetrical complications, particularly related to immune‐inflammatory conditions, may have a link to long‐term NCD in affected children 61 .…”

“…Various previous studies also asserted comparatively higher obstetric complications in SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women in comparison to SARS-CoV-2 negative pregnant women with no statistically significant difference. 60 Therefore, obstetrical complications, particularly related to immune-inflammatory conditions, may have a link to long-term NCD in affected children. 61 Our findings support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection is responsible for adverse maternal, obstetric complications, and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women admitted for delivery.…”

Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with COVID 19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Seven papers included duplicate information, eight did not report individualized information of control groups, and 12 did not report the outcomes of interest (Figure 1). Finally, a total of 17 observational studies were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative assessment [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. These studies reported on 2,769 delivering women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test and 13,807 with negative results.…”

“…Supplemental Table 2 details objectives of the studies, clinical characteristics of pregnant women and main findings, neonates with positive PCR testing and maternal mortality. The studies included pregnant women living in the United States [11,13,15,18,[21][22][23][24], India [19,27], Spain [16,25], Canada [26], Chile [17], French Guiana [20], Mexico [14], and Sweden [12] (Table 1). There were 8 cohort studies [11,13,15,19,20,22,23,25], three matched case-control studies [12,24,26] and, and 6 cross-sectional studies [14,[16][17][18]21,27].…”

“…The studies included pregnant women living in the United States [11,13,15,18,[21][22][23][24], India [19,27], Spain [16,25], Canada [26], Chile [17], French Guiana [20], Mexico [14], and Sweden [12] (Table 1). There were 8 cohort studies [11,13,15,19,20,22,23,25], three matched case-control studies [12,24,26] and, and 6 cross-sectional studies [14,[16][17][18]21,27]. Positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested women ranged from 8 to 1,347 pregnant women gravida [13,16] (Table 1 and Supplemental Table 2).…”