COVID-19 in Neonates, A Case Series Study from Tertiary Neonatal Centers in Iran

Abstract

Introduction: The Novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, is responsible for the recent pandemic. Although it mostly affects adults, children of all ages, including neonates, can become ill with Covid-19, as well. The real prevalence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children is unknown. However, the severity of symptoms in children and neonates is less than in adults. Regarding the new presentation of this disease, the current study has reported a case series of COVID-19 in neonates. Case Presentation: In this article, 10 neonates with COVID- 19 admitted to our neonatal intensive care units are reported. All reported neonates had general suspicious symptoms of COVID- 19 with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the nasopharynx area or nose of the patients. All neonates, except for two of them, were term neonates. One case had open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease (transposition of the great arteries (TGA)). The patients aged 22 days on admission. The most frequent symptom was fever. Severe respiratory symptoms were reported in two cases. Also, abnormal radiologic findings in the chest x-ray were detected in two cases. Regarding the lack of significant respiratory symptoms in most of the patients, the lung computed tomography (CT) scan was taken just from one neonate. Leukopenia (WBC < 5000/mm3) was detected in one case, with no lymphopenia in all neonates. The positive C-reactive protein test was not found in all cases. No patient was treated by special anti-viral agents for COVID-19, and usual antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis was administered for all cases. All patients, except for one, survived with no significant sequela of the disease. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that clinical manifestations, as well as laboratory and radiologic findings of COVID-19, are milder in neonates than in the older ages. Hence, it can be argued that the prognosis of COVID-19 in the neonatal period is generally good.

COVID-19 Symptomatic Newborns with Possible Postpartum Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

“…The abnormal radiological findings reported by Ilaria Liguoro et al [ 7 ] and by Tabatabaei [ 9 ] were detected in less than half of our cases, yet specific lesions were not so common. In a systematic review by Ilaria Liguoro et al, less than half of the neonates (48%) had abnormal findings in chest radiography, whereas only one of our cases had an abnormal CXR, including hyperinflation and stomach dilation.…”

“…In the study by Tabatabai, fever was reported in most of the studied patients [ 9 ]. In a survey by De Bernardo et al, the main findings at onset were fever, vomiting, cough or shortness of breath, diarrhea, lethargy, and respiratory difficulty.…”