COVID-19 in India: Who are we leaving behind?

Raju, Emmanuel; Dutta, Anwesha; Ayeb‐Karlsson, Sonja

doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100163

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…UN Habitat has highlighted how informal housing markets themselves exacerbate health risks, threatening mass displacement and further disease spread as the urban poor lose their means of subsistence (UN Habitat, 2020). More generally the informal market networks and movements so often eulogized by neoliberal planners as the urban poor’s own entrepreneurial solution to corrupt market states have accelerated disease spread especially in countries such as India where they are not adequately integrated into public health planning (Patel and Shah, 2020; Raju et al , 2021).…”

Section: Section 2: Covid and The Failings Of Marktized Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoliberal disease: COVID-19, co-pathogenesis and global health insecurities

Sparke

Williams

2021

Environ Plan A

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The COVID-19 pandemic has at once exposed, exploited and exacerbated the health-damaging transformations in world order tied to neoliberal globalization. Our central argument is that the same neoliberal plans, policies and practices advanced globally in the name of promoting wealth have proved disastrous in terms of protecting health in the context of the pandemic. To explain why, we point to a combinatory cascade of socio-viral co-pathogenesis that we call neoliberal disease. From the vectors of vulnerability created by unequal and unstable market societies, to the reduced response capacities of market states and health systems, to the constrained ability of official global health security agencies and regulations to offer effective global health governance, we show how the virus has found weaknesses in a market-transformed global body politic that it has used to viral advantage. By thereby turning the inequalities and inadequacies of neoliberal societies and states into global health insecurities the pandemic also raises questions about whether we now face an inflection point when political dis-ease with neoliberal norms will lead to new kinds of post-neoliberal policy-making. We conclude, nevertheless, that the prospects for such political-economic transformation on a global scale remain quite limited despite all the extraordinary damage of neoliberal disease described in the article.

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Section: Section 2: Covid and The Failings Of Marktized Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoliberal disease: COVID-19, co-pathogenesis and global health insecurities

Sparke

Williams

2021

Environ Plan A

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“…Additionally significant proportion of COVID-19 cases were reported in a wide variety of occupations apart from just the healthcare workers, for instance, the tourism staff (Kaushal & Srivastava, 2021), workers from retail and hospitality industry ( Business Excellence and Management 2020), transport and security staff (Koh, 2020a), and construction workers (Koh, 2020b). Further, SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact are likely to be more among those from already disadvantaged ethnic and community groups (Raju et al, 2021). Thus, fewer studies in specific regions, populations, and exposure groups limits our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in India, March 2020 to August 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jahan

Brahma

Kumar

et al. 2022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Introduction India experienced two waves of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and reported second highest caseload globally. Seroepidemiological studies were done to track the course of the pandemic. We systematically reviewed and synthesized seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Indian population. Methods We included studies reporting seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2020, to August 11, 2021 and excluded studies done only among COVID-19 patients, and vaccinated individuals. We searched published databases, preprint servers and government documents using a combination of keywords and Medical subheading (MeSH) terms of "Seroprevalence AND SARS-CoV-2 AND India". We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa scale, the Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool and WHO's statement on the Reporting of Seroepidemiological Studies for SARS-CoV-2 (ROSES-S). We calculated pooled seroprevalence along with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) during the first (March 2020 to February 2021) and second wave (March to August 2021). We also estimated seroprevalence by selected demographic characteristics. Results We identified 3821 studies and included 53 studies with 905,379 participants after excluding duplicates, screening of titles and abstracts and full-text screening. Of the 53, 20 studies were of good quality. Some of the reviewed studies did not report adequate information on study methods [sampling=24% (13/53); laboratory=83% (44/53)]. Studies of ‘poor’ quality had more than one of the following issues: unjustified sample size, non-representative sample, non-classification of non-respondents, results unadjusted for demographics and methods insufficiently explained to enable replication. Overall pooled seroprevalence was 20.7% in the first (95% CI=16.1 to 25.3) and 69.2% (95% CI=64.5 to 73.8) in the second wave. Seroprevalence did not differ by age in first wave, whereas in second, it increased with age. Seroprevalence was slightly higher among females in second wave. In both the waves, the estimate was higher in urban than in rural areas. Conclusion Seroprevalence increased by threefold between the two waves of the pandemic in India. Our review highlights the need for designing and reporting studies using standard protocols.

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“…The possible reasons are as follows. First, In India, the priority population for vaccination is the upper class with relatively lower infection rate, however, people living in slums with high infection rate have a lower vaccination rate, which leads to most of the vulnerable population not being effectively protected [13] . Furthermore, the second wave of the epidemic in India was caused by a mutated virus strain, and the current vaccine maynot be effective as expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Second Wave of COVID-19 in India using the Modified SEIR Model

Sun

Zhao

Tian

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in India was caused by the COVID-19 Delta variant. However, the epidemiological characteristics and transmission mechanism of the Delta variant remain unclear. To explore whether the epidemic trend will change after effective isolation measures were taken and what is the minimum number of individuals who need to be vaccinated to end the epidemic.Methods: We used actual data from March 5 to April 15, 2021, of daily updates confirmed cases and deaths, to estimate the parameters of the model and predict the severity of possible infection in the coming months. The classical Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model and extended models [Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed-Quarantine (SERIQ) model and Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed- medicine (SERIM) model] were developed to simulate the development of epidemic under the circumstances of without any measures, after effective isolation measures were taken and after being fully vaccinated.Results: The result demonstrated good accuracy of the classic model. The SEIRQ model showed that after isolation measures were taken, the infections will decrease by 99.61% compared to the actual number of infections by April 15. And the SEIRQ model demonstrated that if the vaccine efficative rate was 90%, when the vaccination rate was 100%, the number of existing cases would reach a peak of 529,723 cases on the 52nd day.Conclusion: Effective quarantine measures and COVID-19 vaccination from official are critical prevention measures to help end the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19 in India: Who are we leaving behind?

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Neoliberal disease: COVID-19, co-pathogenesis and global health insecurities

Neoliberal disease: COVID-19, co-pathogenesis and global health insecurities

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in India, March 2020 to August 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prediction of Second Wave of COVID-19 in India using the Modified SEIR Model

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