COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

Wilder‐Smith, Annelies

doi:10.1186/s40794-020-00129-9

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…COVID-19 is a serious acute respiratory syndrome caused by the beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported at the end of 2019 [ 1 ]. The rate of transmission has ranked COVID-19 as the worst pandemic of the century in terms of scale and speed [ 2 ]. Transmission can occur through direct, indirect, or close contact with secretions of infected individuals or through direct contact with infected surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Holidays and Social Mobility Behaviors: Alternatives for Forecasting COVID-19 Deaths in Brazil

Aragão

Santos

Gonçalves

2021

IJERPH

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In this paper, we investigate the influence of holidays and community mobility on the transmission rate and death count of COVID-19 in Brazil. We identify national holidays and hallmark holidays to assess their effect on disease reports of confirmed cases and deaths. First, we use a one-variate model with the number of infected people as input data to forecast the number of deaths. This simple model is compared with a more robust deep learning multi-variate model that uses mobility and transmission rates (R0, Re) from a SEIRD model as input data. A principal components model of community mobility, generated by the principal component analysis (PCA) method, is added to improve the input features for the multi-variate model. The deep learning model architecture is an LSTM stacked layer combined with a dense layer to regress daily deaths caused by COVID-19. The multi-variate model incremented with engineered input features can enhance the forecast performance by up to 18.99% compared to the standard one-variate data-driven model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Holidays and Social Mobility Behaviors: Alternatives for Forecasting COVID-19 Deaths in Brazil

Aragão

Santos

Gonçalves

2021

IJERPH

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“…Importantly, the world faced a slowdown or even a complete shutdown of daily activities during the first two waves of this pandemic. Moreover, individuals were encouraged to implement social distancing to reduce the transmission of the infection (3). Taking this into consideration, there are no specific available drugs and vaccines for combating the infection during the first wave of this pandemic, and treatment relied on antiviral therapy, isolation, and symptomatic support in combination with a close monitoring of the progression of the disease (4,5), then the last year witnessed the development of vaccines for combating the pandemic (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking this into account, frontline health-care staff members are one of the most vulnerable groups because they constantly deal with the threat of COVID-19 infection (11). It should be stressed that COVID-19 has been considered an emerging and easily clustering infectious disease (3). Because of the highly infectious nature of and limited knowledge about COVID-19, healthcare workers are under extreme physical and psychological pressure while on duty (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Psychological Stress, Anxiety Factors, and Coping Mechanisms of Critical Care Unit Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia

Ali

Diab

Elmahallawy

2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world leads to a series of modifications of several National Health Service organizations, with a potential series of psychological consequences among nurses.Methods: This study was undertaken to assess the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms of critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and the convenience sample consisted of 469 nurses working at several hospitals in Saudi Arabia during the period from July to September 2020. This study used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Coping Mechanism, and Nursing Stress scale.Results: Interestingly, more than one-third and one-quarter of the studied nurses had severe and moderate anxiety levels, respectively. In addition, the most anxiety-causing factors included providing care for their infected colleagues and worrying about infecting their families. More than one-quarter and slightly less than half of the studied nurses had high and moderate stress levels, respectively. Furthermore, more than half of the participants had low coping mechanisms and one-quarter had moderate coping mechanisms. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between anxiety and stress levels, and there was a strong negative correlation between coping mechanisms and stress and anxiety levels.Conclusions: Collectively, this study explored the psychological stress, anxiety factors, and coping mechanisms among critical care unit nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Continuous educational programs for nurses on using coping mechanisms should be developed in combination with teaching preventive measures for defining a psychological intervention plan within a mandatory occupational health surveillance program. This study recommends that constructive planning and necessary provision of supportive measures by the legal authorities and policymakers protect nurses and minimize their psychological stress to fulfill high-quality nursing care.

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“…Most of what was previously known about cross-border health measures is based on studies of pandemic and seasonal influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Ebola virus [ 29 ]. SARS-CoV-2 combines several features that distinguish it from these previous outbreaks including being a respiratory (versus vector borne) pathogen, having a high reproductive rate (person-to-person transmissibility), and causing many asymptomatic or low-level symptomatic cases [ 30 ]. As such, previously held beliefs about cross-border health measures have been questioned in relation to SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing borders during public health emergencies of international concern: a proposed typology of cross-border health measures

et al. 2021

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Background The near universal adoption of cross-border health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has prompted significant debate about their effectiveness and compliance with international law. The number of measures used, and the range of measures applied, have far exceeded previous public health emergencies of international concern. However, efforts to advance research, policy and practice to support their effective use has been hindered by a lack of clear and consistent definition. Results Based on a review of existing datasets for cross-border health measures, such as the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker and World Health Organization Public Health and Social Measures, along with analysis of secondary and grey literature, we propose six categories to define measures more clearly and consistently – policy goal, type of movement (travel and trade), adopted by public or private sector, level of jurisdiction applied, stage of journey, and degree of restrictiveness. These categories are then brought together into a proposed typology that can support research with generalizable findings and comparative analyses across jurisdictions. Addressing the current gaps in evidence about travel measures, including how different jurisdictions apply such measures with varying effects, in turn, enhances the potential for evidence-informed decision-making based on fuller understanding of policy trade-offs and externalities. Finally, through the adoption of standardized terminology and creation of an agreed evidentiary base recognized across jurisdictions, the typology can support efforts to strengthen coordinated global responses to outbreaks and inform future efforts to revise the WHO International Health Regulations (2005). Conclusions The widespread use of cross-border health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted significant reflection on available evidence, previous practice and existing legal frameworks. The typology put forth in this paper aims to provide a starting point for strengthening research, policy and practice.

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COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

Cited by 79 publications

References 113 publications

National Holidays and Social Mobility Behaviors: Alternatives for Forecasting COVID-19 Deaths in Brazil

National Holidays and Social Mobility Behaviors: Alternatives for Forecasting COVID-19 Deaths in Brazil

Exploring the Psychological Stress, Anxiety Factors, and Coping Mechanisms of Critical Care Unit Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia

Managing borders during public health emergencies of international concern: a proposed typology of cross-border health measures

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