COVID-19 in Children: Looking Forward, Not Back

Lee, Benjamin; Raszka, William V.

doi:10.1542/peds.2020-029736

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A systematic review published in April 2020 similarly noted that most children who are infected have a positive family contact [27]. In an article published in Pediatrics in January 2021, further evidence discussed regarding that referenced household contact tracing studies arguably provide the best evidence regarding pediatric susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, in which the intensity of exposure between household contacts is higher and more consistent than outside the home [36]. Seventy-two percent of COVID-positive patients recalled being in proximity to a sick contact, which significantly influenced the COVID-19 test result (p < 0.001).…”

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Suspected COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients

Heather¹,

Lauren²,

Rick³

et al. 2021

Int J Crit Care Emerg Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: This study reviews patients aged 21 and younger, who presented to the Ochsner Medical Center's Pediatric Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis was completed comparing demographics, symptomology, and laboratory analysis between COVID positive and negative patients.Methods: This study examined pediatric patients presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department at Ochsner Medical Center between March 11 and May 20, 2020. All children included in the study underwent COVID-19 testing via nasopharyngeal swab. Demographic and clinical information was collected through chart review of electronic medical records, and the Fisher Exact Test was utilized in statistical analysis to determine if clinical characteristics influenced COVID-19 test results in a meaningful way.Results: In our experiment, 160 patients were included based on symptomatology consistent with COVID-19 infection, and 22 (13.8%) resulted positive. The following variables significantly influenced the COVID-19 test to result positive: Ages 11-18 (p < 0.001), exposure to sick contact (p < 0.001), neurologic symptoms (p = 0.001), and anosmia (p = 0.009). Characteristics which significantly influenced CO-VID-19 tests to result negative were ages 1-4 (p = 0.040), and White race (p = 0.048). Within the cohort, 6 COVID positive patients necessitated hospital admission, 3 of whom were admitted to the PICU. All 3 PICU admits displayed symptoms of shock, consistent with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Conclusion:We found COVID-19 infection rate in children to be 13.8%, which is consistent with national data. We found significant associations between COVID positivity and anosmia, neurologic symptoms, sick contacts and 11-18 year-old age group. COVID negativity was significantly associated with 1-4 year-old age group and White race. While long-term effects from COVID19 are not yet known, our study showed overall flu-like symptoms and no deaths. Yet, Black adolescent patients may be at risk for more severe disease. Continued efforts towards studying transmission and prevention of COVID in children are needed.

show abstract

Section: Race/ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Suspected COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients

Heather¹,

Lauren²,

Rick³

et al. 2021

Int J Crit Care Emerg Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although people with older age or comorbidities show more severe disease dominated with strong inflammatory symptom, other factors such as gender or blood groups may affect individuals’ susceptibilities to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. Of note, unlike adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms and are largely safe from severe respiratory symptoms [2] , [3] . These are the facts that highlight the variable nature of immune responses against the diseases depending on different factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhausted NK cells and cytokine storms in COVID-19: Whether NK cell therapy could be a therapeutic choice

Ghasemzadeh

Hosseini

2022

Human Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global outbreak of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) still claims more lives daily around the world due to the lack of a definitive treatment and the rapid tendency of virus to mutate, which even jeopardizes vaccination efficacy. At the forefront battle against SARS-CoV-2, an effective innate response to the infection has a pivotal role in the initial control and treatment of disease. However, SARS-CoV-2 subtly interrupts the equations of immune responses, disrupting the cytolytic antiviral effects of NK cells, while seriously activating infected macrophages and other immune cells to induce an unleashed “cytokine storm”, a dangerous and uncontrollable inflammatory response causing life-threatening symptoms in patients. Notably, the NK cell exhaustion with ineffective cytolytic function against the sources of exaggerated cytokine release, acts as an Achilles’ heel which exacerbates the severity of COVID-19. Given this, approaches that improve NK cell cytotoxicity may benefit treatment protocols. As a suggestion, adoptive transfer of NK or CAR-NK cells with proper cytotolytic potentials and the lowest capacity of cytokine-release (for example CD56 dim NK cells brightly express activating receptors), to severe COVID-19 patients may provide an effective cure especially in cases suffering from cytokine storms. More intriguingly, the ongoing evidence for persistent clonal expansion of NK memory cells characterized by an activating phenotype in response to viral infections, can benefit the future studies on vaccine development and adoptive NK cell therapy in COVID-19. Whether vaccinated volunteers or recovered patients can also be considered as suitable candidates for cell donation could be the subject of future research.

show abstract

“…Children can acquire and transmit SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (Lee & Raszka, 2021;Lipsitch et al, 2020;Ludvigsson, 2020), though evidence is still being gathered to describe how susceptible or infectious children are compared with adults (Assaker et al, 2020;Lessler et al, 2021;Zimmermann & Curtis, 2020a). Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally experience milder symptoms and less severe disease compared with adults (Dong et al, 2020;Laws et al, 2021), and an estimated 13-42% of children with SARS-CoV-2 infections are asymptomatic (Assaker et al, 2020;Dong et al, 2020;Han et al, 2021;Viner et al, 2020;Zimmermann & Curtis, 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Symptom Screening Useful for Identifying COVID-19 Infection in School Settings? Georgia, USA

Swanson

Hast

Burnett

et al. 2021

The Journal of School Nursing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study’s goal was to characterize the utility of symptom screening in staff and students for COVID-19 identification and control of transmission in a school setting. We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data for staff, students and associated household members in a Georgia school district exposed to COVID-19 cases who received RT-PCR testing and symptom monitoring. Among positive contacts, 30/49 (61%) of students and 1/6 (17%) of staff reported no symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Symptom sensitivity was 30% in elementary students and 42% in middle/high students. Fifty-three percent (10/19) of symptomatic positive contacts had at least one household member test positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with 50% (10/20) of asymptomatic positive contacts. The absence of symptoms in children is not indicative of a lack of SARS-CoV-2 infection or reduced risk of infection for associated household members. Testing all close contacts of people with COVID-19 in schools is needed to interrupt transmission networks.

show abstract

COVID-19 in Children: Looking Forward, Not Back

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Clinical Characteristics of Suspected COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients

Clinical Characteristics of Suspected COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients

Exhausted NK cells and cytokine storms in COVID-19: Whether NK cell therapy could be a therapeutic choice

Is Symptom Screening Useful for Identifying COVID-19 Infection in School Settings? Georgia, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About