COVID-19 in Children: A Narrative Review

Razavi, Alireza; Davoodi, Lotfollah; Shojaei, Layla; Jafarpour, Hamed

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4714

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…This is in agreement with studies which showed elevation of D-dimer to some extent, especially those with severe disease (LDH and D-dimer) [ 8 , 48 ]. Razavi et al [ 49 ] found elevation of CRP, ESR and D-dimer in children with severe manifestations. Momtazmanesh et al [ 50 ] reported elevation of ESR and CRP 71.8 and 75.4% and elevation of LDH and D-dimer in 40% of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The severity and atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics

et al. 2021

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Background Emergence of 2019-nCoV attracted global attention and WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. Therefore we aimed to explore the severity and atypical manifestations of COVID-19 among children. Methods This is an observational cohort study conducted on 398 children with confirmed COVID-19 by using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid during the period from March to November 2020. Patients were subdivided regarding the severity of COVID-19 presentation into Group I (Non-severe COVID-19) was admitted into wards and Group II (Severe COVID-19) admitted into the PICU. Results Non- severe cases were 295cases (74.1%) and 103cases (25.9%) of severe cases. There was a significant difference between age groups of the affected children (P < 0.001) with a median (0–15 years). Boys (52%) are more affected than girls (48%) with significant differences (P < 0.001). 68.6%of confirmed cases had contact history to family members infected with COVID-19. 41.7% of severe patients needed mechanical ventilation. Death of 20.4% of severe cases. In COVID-19 patients, fever, headache, fatigue and shock were the most prominent presentations (95, 60.3, 57.8, and 21.8% respectively). 3.5% of children were manifested with atypical presentations; 1.25% manifested by pictures of acute pancreatitis, 1.25% presented by manifestations of deep venous thrombosis and 1.0% had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Multivariate regression analysis showed that COVID-19 severity in children was significantly higher among children with higher levels of D-dimer, hypoxia, shock and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Most children had a non-severe type of COVID-19 and children with severe type had higher levels of D-dimer, hypoxia, shock and mechanical ventilation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The severity and atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics

et al. 2021

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“…In December 2019, COVID-19 was detected in Wuhan, China. It has a very high transmission capacity and is known as SARS-CoV-2 [2]. COVID-19 is highly contagious and it has the ability to get transmitted even during asymptomatic phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Mini-review

Mortazavi

Rezaeifar

Nasrabadi

2020

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Recently, outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoV) (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has been emerged as a serious public health concern. On February 11, 2020, the WHO announced an official name for this disease, CoV disease-(COVID)-19. The virus can cause systemic complications such as lung involvement, skin, and oral complications. AIM: The aim of this study was to review of the oral manifestations of COVID-19. METHODS: In this narrative review study, we searched all articles between 2010 and 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct related to COVID-19, and its oral manifestations, using the following terms: “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “Stomatognathic diseases,” “Oral manifestation,” and “Mouth diseases.” RESULTS: The most common oral manifestations in people with COVID-19 that we get after searching are: salivary gland disease, xerostomia, taste and smell alterations, and oral mucosal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Since almost all of the oral findings appear at the asymptomatic phase of disease, identification of these symptoms can help to timely diagnosis of the main disease.

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“…In December 2019, unknown pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China, which belongs to the coronavirus family (1, 2). The most important way of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is through direct person-to-person contact and respiratory droplets (3). In addition, this virus was also detected in urine, feces, and tears, which confirm the possibility of transmission through the fecal-oral route (4, 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak

Peivandi

Razavi

Shafiei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Summary answer: Most of the participants in this study wanted to continue treatment. What is known already: The effect of the prevalence of infectious diseases including the Zika virus on the attitude of infertile couples has been studied in very few studies. However, the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 on the attitude of infertile couples has not been investigated. Study design, size, duration: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on forty-six infertile couples (n=92) who referred to our infertility clinic from 4 March 2020 through 20 June 2020. Participants/materials, settings, methods: This study is based on potential infertile couples for treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) who referred to our infertility clinic, Sari, Iran (median age of 35.5 years). All individuals with primary infertility, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and candidates for ART, were included in the study. People who did not agree to participate in the study were excluded. Subjects were surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire has four sections as follows: The first part included demographic information and clinical characteristics, the second part included medical records, the third part included questions related to assessing the level of awareness regarding coronavirus infection, and the fourth part included questions related to the attitude towards continuing infertility treatment. The validity of this questionnaire was assessed by three infertility specialists and was confirmed with Cronbachs alpha of 0.78. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Main results and the role of chance: There is no significant relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and the level of awareness (P-value <0.05). Thirty-two patients (33.33%) had decreased motivation to continue treatment during COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of transmission to the fetus (28.13%) had the highest frequency among the causes of decreased motivation to continue treatment (P-value = 0.011). Confidence in support of the treatment team (56.67%) was the most common reason for lack of motivation in people without decreased motivation (P-value <0.001). The majority of patients had a very high or high tendency (65.22%) to continue or start treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic (P-value <0.001). Most people had an average fear of getting the disease (39.13%) (value <0.001). Examining the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and attitude level variables showed that there is only a significant relationship between the greater desire to have a child and the continuation or initiation of treatment with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms (P-value = 0.032). Limitations, reasons for caution: We were not able to fully assess patients' deep feelings and cultural beliefs, due to the use of questionnaires and the lack of interviews. Wider implications of the findings: Our results showed for the first time that patients' knowledge about COVID-19 and trust in the treatment staff played an effective role in selecting and continuing infertility treatment. To clarify this issue, studies with the larger statistical community in the form of interviews are needed. Study funding/completing interest(s): The study received financial support from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 7903). None of the funders had any role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing of the paper, or publication decisions. The authors have nothing to declare. Trial registration number: N/A

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COVID-19 in Children: A Narrative Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

The severity and atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics

The severity and atypical presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics

Oral Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Mini-review

Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak

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