COVID-19 in a Hairy Cell Leukemia Patient: A Rare Case Report

Sano, Hirohito; Murakami, Koji; Yokoyama, Hisayuki; Suzuki, Chie; Iwasaki, Yudai; Sugiura, Hiroaki

doi:10.1620/tjem.2022.j058

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Four out of the five patients were previously treated for HCL, two of them during the last year. The median time from infection to hospitalization was 9 days 2–12 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median time from infection to hospitalization was 9 days. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Two patients have passed aways. The first patient was a male 84 years old.…”

Section: After Adjusting For Confounding Factors By Fitting a Multiva...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with hematologic malignancies are at increased risk of developing a severe disease 6,7 . The course of Covid‐19 in patients with HCL was mainly reported as case reports 8–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The course of patients with hairy cell leukemia during the omicron surge of the Covid‐19 pandemic

Tadmor

Melamed

Patalon

et al. 2023

Hematological Oncology

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In this study, we aim to explore the outcomes of Covid‐19 infection in patients with Hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The cohort is based on data obtained from electronic medical records. It includes 218 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCL between 16 June 1998, and 20 September 2022, out of which the coronavirus has infected 85 patients during the Omicron surge. Out of 85 patients with HCL who were infected by Covid‐19; 7 patients (8.2%) have been hospitalized, and the mortality rate was 2.3% (two patients). Thirteen of the 85 patients had been infected by Covid‐19 in previous waves, including 9/13 after vaccination, and none of them developed a severe disease. Humoral immune response after three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination regimen was evaluated in 40 patients and was attained in 67.5%. Based on multivariate analysis: unfavorable outcome was significantly more common in patients with HCL above 65 years old, who had at least one cytopenia, and with comorbidity of cardiovascular disease or asplenia. Our results indicates that the course of COVID‐19 in patients with HCL during the Omicron wave has been improved relatively favorable.

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“…Four out of the five patients were previously treated for HCL, two of them during the last year. The median time from infection to hospitalization was 9 days 2–12 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The median time from infection to hospitalization was 9 days. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Two patients have passed aways. The first patient was a male 84 years old.…”

Section: After Adjusting For Confounding Factors By Fitting a Multiva...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The course of patients with hairy cell leukemia during the omicron surge of the Covid‐19 pandemic

Tadmor

Melamed

Patalon

et al. 2023

Hematological Oncology

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“…Previous research has emphasized the clinical significance of splenomegaly in the context of COVID-19 [ 11 , 14 ]. Conditions such as hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis (HLH) and its concomitant cytokine storms manifest alongside splenomegaly and pose severe implications for COVID-19 patients [ 15 - 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to consider cases of pancytopenia along with splenomegaly observed on CT scans in COVID-19 patients. In such clinical presentations, the differential diagnosis may lean towards hairy cell leukemia (HCL) [ 14 ]. Misdiagnosis in these situations can have dire consequences, especially in the realm of a condition as multifaceted as COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Correlation Between Splenomegaly and Lung Involvement in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Raju,

Selvaraj,

Murugesan

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has not only shown substantial effects on the respiratory system but also on extrapulmonary systems, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, and immune responses, notably spleen enlargement. The connection between the enlargement of the spleen and pulmonary complications in individuals with COVID-19 is still not well elucidated, with current studies offering divergent conclusions. Objective This study aims to elucidate the correlation between splenomegaly, as assessed by computed tomography (CT) imaging, and the extent of lung involvement (LI) in COVID-19 patients, thereby offering insights into potential prognostic indicators. Methodology A hospital-based, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted involving 1058 symptomatic COVID-19 patients confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), aged 18 years and above. CT imaging was utilized to evaluate spleen size and LI. Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and simple linear regression, were performed to explore the relationship between spleen size and LI. Results The study cohort exhibited a mean spleen size of 9.49 cm and a mean LI score of 0.272. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated at 0.0495, indicating a marginal positive correlation between spleen size and LI. Regression analysis demonstrated a minimal impact of spleen size on LI, with spleen size accounting for only 0.2% of the variance in LI scores. Conclusions The study found a slight, statistically non-significant correlation between splenomegaly and LI in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that while splenic enlargement may reflect systemic disease involvement, it is not a strong independent predictor of lung damage extent. The findings highlight the complexity of extrapulmonary manifestations and highlight the need for additional research to fully understand the implications of splenic involvement in COVID-19.

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COVID-19 in patients with classic and variant hairy cell leukemia

Kreitman,

Yu,

James

et al. 2023

Blood Advances

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Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), like its variant HCLv, is a B-cell malignancy associated with decreased humoral immunity. We prospectively monitored the largest cohort of HCL/HCLv patients to date (n=503) for COVID-19 by symptoms, antibody, PCR and/or antigen-positivity. Fifty percent (253 of 503) of the HCL/HCLv patients (238 HCL, 15 HCLv) had evidence of COVID-19, with 210 (83%) of 253 testing positive by PCR or rapid-antigen. Of 43 without positive tests, all had nucleocapsid antibodies indicating COVID-19 exposure, 7 recalled no symptoms, and 36 had mild symptoms but without a positive test. Of the 210 testing positive, 23, 46, 129 and 12 occurred in 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Of 210 testing positive, 175 began treatment for HCL/HCLv 0.4-429 (median 66) months before, and 132 had their last dose of anti-CD20 Mab 0.2-229 (median 63) months before. Two patients died, including a young woman beginning rituximab 2 months after 1st-line cladribine before vaccine availability. Nearly all HCL/HCLv patients recovered uneventfully from COVID-19 including those without vaccination or those with significant immunosuppression and recent treatment. However, decreased normal B-cells from HCL or treatment was associated with lower spike antibody levels as a response to COVID-19 (p=0.0094) and longer recovery time (p=0.0036). Thus, in a large cohort of HCL/HCLv and the first to determine relationships between COVID-19 outcome and immune markers, mortality was relatively low (~1%), sequelae were uncommon, and recovery from COVID-19 was longer if normal B-cells were low after recent treatment.

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COVID-19 in a Hairy Cell Leukemia Patient: A Rare Case Report

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

The course of patients with hairy cell leukemia during the omicron surge of the Covid‐19 pandemic

The course of patients with hairy cell leukemia during the omicron surge of the Covid‐19 pandemic

Exploring the Correlation Between Splenomegaly and Lung Involvement in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

COVID-19 in patients with classic and variant hairy cell leukemia

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