COVID-19: Has social isolation reduced the emission of pollutants in the megacity of São Paulo—Brazil?

Noda, Lumy; Nóbrega, Ana; Júnior, João Batista Matos; Schmidlin, Flávio; Labaki, Lucila Chebel

doi:10.1007/s10668-020-01166-2

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As CO and NO2, similar behavior was observed for PM10 that presented reduction of 27% (2015-2019: 25.2 µg m -3 ; 2020: 18.5 µg m -3 ) for MARJ, 23% (2015-2019: 14.1 µg m -3 ; 2020: 10.8 µg m -3 ) for MAGV, 19% (2015MAGV, 19% ( -2019.9 µg m -3 ; 2020: 14.5 µg m -3 ) for MASP, and 10% (2015-2019: 21.0 µg m -3 ; 2020: 18.8 µg m -3 ) for MAPA. On the other hand, there were significant The results presented here agree with the studies previously carried out for the MASP and MARJ regions (Connerton et al, 2020;Dantas et al, 2020;Debone et al, 2020;Ibarra-Espinosa et al, 2021;Nakada and Urban, 2020;Noda et al, 2021;Rudke et al, 2021;Siciliano et al, 2020a;Tadano et al, 2021), with variations directly related to the study period and how air quality monitoring stations were selected. It should also be noted that even for stations located in the countryside of the States, there is a similar trend in the reduction/increase of air pollutants.…”

Section: Spatial Variability Of Air Quality Changessupporting

confidence: 91%

Impacts of Strategic Mobility Restrictions Policies during 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazil’s Regional Air Quality

Rudke

Almeida

Alves

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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With the unexpected arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worldwide were forced to take measures to curb its transmission. Mobility restrictions policies were the primary preventive measures applied around the globe. In addition to reducing the disease spread, they resulted in air quality changes in urbanized areas. In this sense, this study aimed to investigate how the mobility restrictions imposed by public policies impacted the air quality in Brazil during the COVID-19 2020 outbreak. Therefore, air quality (CO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3) and urban mobility datasets available in five populous Brazilian states (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul) were analyzed. Variations in air pollutant concentrations were verified by comparing the period during mobility restrictions (2020) and the average concentrations found before the restrictions (2015-2019). In addition, spatial assessment of changes was evaluated using tropospheric NO2 column densities from the TROPOMI. Although there was no national regulation regarding mobility restrictions, the results show that the reduction in urban mobility was similar for all the analyzed states. Following the mobility behavior, reducing air pollutant concentrations were significant for the first 30 days of restrictions. During this period, the most substantial reductions were observed for CO in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (-53%), NO2 in Rio de Janeiro (-34%), and PM10 in Espírito Santo (-23%). The exception was observed for O3, which followed the world trend of increasing concentrations (e.g., 40% increase in Paraná). Spatially, it was possible to evidence that large urban centers (with a large vehicle fleet) were the ones that showed the most significant reduction in NO2. However, when analyzing longer periods (over 90 days), there is a trend towards an increase in the concentrations of primary pollutants and a consequent reduction in O3, reflecting the significant increase in mobility rates.

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Section: Spatial Variability Of Air Quality Changessupporting

confidence: 91%

Impacts of Strategic Mobility Restrictions Policies during 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazil’s Regional Air Quality

Rudke

Almeida

Alves

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Earlier studies in southeast Brazil [3,[18][19][20] have focused on early months of partial lockdown (March and April). However, recently, Noda et al [38] used a social isolation index and noticed two distinct time-periods of lockdown in SP: before and after 1 May 2020. The first period was associated with greater reductions in the emissions, while the second period was characterized by greater fluctuations in pollutant concentrations.…”

Section: The Study Area and Time Framementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first period was associated with greater reductions in the emissions, while the second period was characterized by greater fluctuations in pollutant concentrations. Emphasizing that the pollutant levels were not similar throughout the lockdown, Noda et al [38] called for more studies focusing on the second interval.…”

Section: The Study Area and Time Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality in Southeast Brazil during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Combined Satellite and Ground-Based Data Analysis

Brandao

Foroutan

2021

Atmosphere

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With the current COVID-19 pandemic being spread all over the world, lockdown measures are being implemented, making air pollution levels go down in several countries. In this context, the air quality changes in the highly populated and trafficked Brazilian states of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) were addressed using a combination of satellite and ground-based daily data analysis. We explored nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) daily levels for the month of May from 2015–2020. Daily measurements of NO2 column concentrations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA’s Aura satellite were analyzed and decreases of 42% and 49.6% were found for SP and RJ, respectively, during the year 2020 compared to the 2015–2019 average. Besides NO2 column retrievals, ground-based data measured by the Brazilian States Environmental Institutions were analyzed and correlated with satellite retrievals. Correlation coefficients between year-to-year changes in satellite column and ground-based concentrations were 77% and 53% in SP and RJ, respectively. Ground-based data showed 13.3% and 18.8% decrease in NO2 levels for SP and RJ, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. In SP, no significant change in PM2.5 was observed in 2020 compared to 2019. To further isolate the effect of emissions reduction due to the lockdown, meteorological data and number of wildfire hotspots were analyzed. NO2 concentrations showed negative and positive correlations with wind speed and temperature, respectively. PM2.5 concentration distributions suggested an influence by the wildfires in the southeast region of the country. Synergistic analyses of satellite retrievals, surface level concentrations, and weather data provide a more complete picture of changes to pollutant levels.

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“…Journals about health care and the health care policies revolved around research areas focusing on health care system response to Covid-19 (Kendzerska et al, 2021 ), the public’s trust in the health care system (Pak et al, 2021 ), the role of social media in portraying the system (Xu & Sattar, 2020 ), and occupational health safety of health professionals (Hailu et al, 2021 ). The implications of the pandemic in the environment domain are multifaceted, ranging from geo-environmental determinants responsible for the acceleration of Covid-19 diffusion spatially (Bontempi et al, 2020 ), the lethality of air pollution (Barua & Nath, 2021 ), and anthropogenic heat (Noda et al, 2021 ; Pal et al, 2021 ) amidst the global crisis. Work and food consumption patterns and wastes related to this have also received significant attention during the pandemic (Amicarelli et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the research landscape of Covid-19 from social sciences perspective: a bibliometric analysis

2022

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COVID-19 has emerged as a widely researched topic and the academia has taken interest in the effects of COVID-19 in various sectors of human life and society. Most of the bibliometric research addresses scientific contributions in medicine, health, and virology related topics, with very little emphasis on social sciences. Therefore, to address this gap, a bibliometric analysis of research related to COVID-19 in the subject area of social sciences was performed on selected publications from January 2020 to mid-2021. A total of 9289 articles were analysed to identify major emerging themes of Covid-19 and social sciences and how research collaborations between countries have helped in communicating critical issues to academia. The empirical results indicate the dominance of psychology and business economics subjects in the social sciences sphere, with the emerging themes as psychosocial problems among people, economics, the outbreak of SARS, and discussions on the quality of life in terms of surroundings and environment. The study also suggests that more collaborations between social scientists working in different nations is required to explore the less focussed themes addressing the local challenges of poor nations.

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COVID-19: Has social isolation reduced the emission of pollutants in the megacity of São Paulo—Brazil?

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Impacts of Strategic Mobility Restrictions Policies during 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazil’s Regional Air Quality

Impacts of Strategic Mobility Restrictions Policies during 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazil’s Regional Air Quality

Air Quality in Southeast Brazil during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Combined Satellite and Ground-Based Data Analysis

Mapping the research landscape of Covid-19 from social sciences perspective: a bibliometric analysis

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