COVID-19, G protein-coupled receptor, and renin-angiotensin system autoantibodies: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Akbari, Abolfazl; Hadizadeh, Alireza; Islampanah, Muhammad; Nik, Ensie Salavati; Atkin, Stephen L.; Sahebkar, Amirhossein

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103402

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The other is an indirect mechanism of autoimmunity. Autoantibodies against various receptors and glycoproteins expressed on cellular membranes are produced, resulting in malfunction of the autonomic nervous system and its associated endocrine system [114][115][116][117][118]. Symptoms derived from autonomic involvement are common in those affected by COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: Neuropathy Associated With Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Nakane,

Koike,

Hayashi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a disease of autonomic failure caused by ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) autoantibodies. Although the detection of autoantibodies is important for distinguishing the disease from other neuropathies that present with autonomic dysfunction, other factors are important for accurate diagnosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the clinical features of AAG, highlighting differences in clinical course, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings from other neuropathies presenting with autonomic symptoms. The first step in diagnosing AAG is careful history taking, which should reveal whether the mode of onset is acute or chronic, followed by an examination of the time course of disease progression, including the presentation of autonomic and extra-autonomic symptoms. AAG is a neuropathy that should be differentiated from other neuropathies when the patient presents with autonomic dysfunction. Immune-mediated neuropathies, such as acute autonomic sensory neuropathy, are sometimes difficult to differentiate, and therefore, differences in clinical and laboratory findings should be well understood. Other non-neuropathic conditions, such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and long COVID, also present with symptoms similar to those of AAG. Although often challenging, efforts should be made to differentiate among the disease candidates.

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Section: Neuropathy Associated With Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Nakane,

Koike,

Hayashi

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Multiple signalling pathways have been described in the pathophysiology of Long COVID, but the literature on the role of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is very scarce. GPCRs are a large family of membrane-bound metabotropic receptors that play a role in many physiological processes, from responses to neurotransmitters and environmental stimuli to responses to hormones [4][5][6]. GPCRs have been demonstrated to interact with other critical physiological molecules, such as growth factors and their receptors, by generating transactivation signals that regulate cell motility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Between the G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR), SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, ACE2, Vaccines, and Long COVID

Altable

2024

Preprint

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The knowledge of COVID-19 impact on the human body has increased rapidly. Although many people recover from COVID-19, some continue to experience persistent symptoms that have been identified as Long COVID. This condition can have a severe impact on quality of life, and it remains a significant concern for medical professionals and researchers. One of the key components of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that enables it to enter human cells is the spike (S) protein. Recent studies have revealed a complex network of interactions between G proteins, spike (S) protein, and the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) may be responsible, at least in part, for long COVID. SARS-CoV-2 can also affect the brain, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, memory loss, and fatigue. Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 is not just a respiratory illness since it is likely that the virus could influence signal transduction pathways such as G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), among others, in the brain, either directly or indirectly, affecting neural functions. These interactions with the spike (S) protein and RAS, alongside the brain, are complex and require deep research to understand their implications for Long COVID-19 manifestation fully. While recent research has shed light on the complex interactions between G proteins, spike (S) protein, the brain, and the angiotensin system, this article explores these interconnected pathways and their implications for long COVID-19 manifestations. The present review summarises current research on different molecular mechanisms in Long COVID pathophysiology and may help identify possible targets or new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment.

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Autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review

Notarte,

Carandang,

Velasco

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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ObjectiveThe long-lasting persistence of autoantibodies stands as one of the hypotheses explaining the multisystemic manifestations seen in individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. The current review offers restricted insights into the persistence of autoantibodies in plasma/serum in people with post-COVID symptoms.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, as well as on medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint servers were searched up to January 5th, 2024. Papers investigating the presence of autoantibodies in plasma/serum samples in people with post-COVID symptoms were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess methodological quality.ResultsFrom 162 identified records, five articles met all inclusion criteria; four studies included infected controls with no post-COVID symptoms whereas all five studies included non-infected controls (410 COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms, 223 COVID-19 survivors with no post-COVID symptoms as controls and 266 non-infected healthy controls). Four studies concluded that the presence of autoantibodies had a potential (but small) role in post-COVID-19 condition whereas one study concluded that autoantibodies were not associated. Quality assessment showed all studies had high methodological quality.ConclusionAlthough evidence suggests that persistent autoantibodies can be associated with post-COVID symptoms, the clinical relevance of their presence seems modest at this stage. Current results highlight further research to clarify the role of autoantibodies in the development of post-COVID symptoms, guiding the development of tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches to enhance patient outcomes.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/vqz28.

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COVID-19, G protein-coupled receptor, and renin-angiotensin system autoantibodies: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 90 publications

Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis

Link Between the G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR), SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein, ACE2, Vaccines, and Long COVID

Autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review

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