COVID-19 financial lottery effect on vaccine hesitant areas: Results from Ohio's Vax-a-million program

Mallow, Peter J.; Enis, Alec; Wackler, Matthew; Hooker, Edmond A.

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.08.053

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, bonus and lottery incentive policies for COVID-19 vaccination rates significantly increased COVID-19 vaccination rates but, interestingly, bonus incentive policies increased COVID-19 vaccination rates at a far greater level than lottery incentive policies. Our findings of incentive policies increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates are consistent with those in previous studies [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Fogg’s behavior model (FBM) [ 28 ] provides insight into why this association—the positive relationship between incentive programs and health behavior change—is likely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The majority of published studies within the context of lottery-based incentives and COVID-19 vaccination rates present mixed findings. However, the majority of those respective studies were cross-sectional, were conducted in a single state (e.g., Ohio), or did not examine the interactive effects with race [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The current findings from our longitudinal study across the US at the county level suggest that policymakers and public health officials may want to give strong consideration to the use of lottery incentive policies in counties with a higher percentage of BIPOC, to upturn COVID-19 vaccination rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Ohio’s lottery policy—“Vax-a-Million”—led to around 50,000 to 100,000 additional first-dose COVID-19 vaccinations [ 7 , 11 ]. Vaccine incentives were found to induce some people who otherwise would not have been vaccinated to opt for vaccination or encourage people who would have been vaccinated to receive COVID-19 vaccines more quickly [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Associations between Bonus and Lottery COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Policies and Increases in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Social Epidemiologic Analysis

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this longitudinal study were to analyze the impact of COVID-19 vaccine incentive policies (e.g., bonuses and lottery entries) on county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates, and to examine the interactive effects between COVID-19 vaccine incentive policies and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 vaccination rates. Using publicly available data, county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates and socioeconomic data between January 2021 and July 2021 were extracted and analyzed across counties in the United States (US)—an analysis of 19,992 observations over time. Pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis was employed to longitudinally examine associations with COVID-19 vaccination rates, and four random-effects models were developed to analyze interaction effects. Bonus incentive policies were effective in counties with a high per capita income, high levels of education, and a high percentage of racial minorities, but not in counties with high unemployment. Lottery incentive policies were effective in counties with a high percentage of racial minorities, but not in counties with high per capita income, high levels of education, and high unemployment. County-level socioeconomic factors should be considered ahead of implementing incentive policies, versus a blanket approach, to avoid the unintentional misuse of economic resources for futile COVID-19 vaccination outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associations between Bonus and Lottery COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Policies and Increases in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Social Epidemiologic Analysis

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[4][5][6][7] Four studies found an increase in vaccination rates [8][9][10][11] , including one that found increases in vaccination rates in low-income counties in Ohio but not in high-income counties. 9 One study examined the use of financial incentives across 24 states across the U.S., mainly including lotteries, and found no overall impact on vaccination rates. 12 Our research uses individual-level data to examine the association between vaccination rates and participation in a vaccination lottery held in Australia in October 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4-7 Four studies found an increase in vaccination rates 8-11 , including one that found increases in vaccination rates in low-income counties in Ohio but not in high-income counties. 9 One study examined the use of financial incentives across 24 states across the U.S., mainly including vaccination competitions, and found no overall impact on vaccination rates. 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An observational study of the association between COVID-19 vaccination rates and entry into the Australian ‘Million Dollar Vax’ competition

Jun

Scott

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesAre financial incentives from entry in a vaccine lottery associated with a higher probability of vaccination for COVID-19?DesignA cross-sectional study with adjustment for covariates using logistic regressionSettingOctober and November 2021, Australia.Participants2,375 respondents of the Taking the Pulse of the Nation SurveyInterventionsParticipation in the Million Dollar Vaccination LotteryPrimary and secondary outcome measuresThe proportion of respondents who had any vaccination, a first dose only, or second dose compared to all other respondentsResultsThose who participated in the lottery were 2.27 times more likely to be vaccinated after the lottery opened on October 1st than those who did not. This was driven by those receiving second doses. Lottery participants were 1.38 times more likely to receive their first dose after October 1st and 2.31 times more likely to receive their second dose after October 1st.ConclusionsLottery participation is associated with a higher vaccination rate, with this effect dominated by a higher rate of second doses. There is a smaller insignificant difference for those receiving a first dose, suggesting lotteries may not be as effective at reducing vaccine hesitancy, compared to ‘nudging’ people to get their second dose more quickly.Strengths and limitations of this studyWe use a nationally representative sample of individuals.We distinguish between the association between lottery participation and first and second doses.We adjust for a rich set of individual characteristics associated with vaccination statusThe strong association for second dose vaccinations may reflect some individuals who had already had scheduled their second dose after the lottery opened, potentially leading to an overestimate of the association.Ethics statementThis study was approved by the University of Melbourne Faculty of Business and Economics & Melbourne Business School Human Ethics Advisory Group (Ref: 2056754.1).

show abstract

The Impact of Monetary Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in California

Tang¹,

Chai

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Applied Economics and Policy Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 financial lottery effect on vaccine hesitant areas: Results from Ohio's Vax-a-million program

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Associations between Bonus and Lottery COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Policies and Increases in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Social Epidemiologic Analysis

Associations between Bonus and Lottery COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Policies and Increases in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Social Epidemiologic Analysis

An observational study of the association between COVID-19 vaccination rates and entry into the Australian ‘Million Dollar Vax’ competition

The Impact of Monetary Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About