2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104754
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COVID-19: Eco-friendly hand hygiene for human and environmental safety

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Cited by 60 publications
(98 citation statements)
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References 46 publications
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“…Furthermore, there are reports of E. coli (48%) and P. aeruginosa (64%) isolates resistant against all available sanitizers on the market [ 92 ]. Other reports also indicate that the excessive use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers in inpatient settings promotes resistant strains of pathogens [ 93 , 94 ]. Several pathogens, including E. coli , P. aeruginosa , B. cereus and Mycobacterium species, have shown tolerance and resistance to benzalkonium chloride.…”
Section: Personal Protective Equipment and Hygiene Practicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Furthermore, there are reports of E. coli (48%) and P. aeruginosa (64%) isolates resistant against all available sanitizers on the market [ 92 ]. Other reports also indicate that the excessive use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers in inpatient settings promotes resistant strains of pathogens [ 93 , 94 ]. Several pathogens, including E. coli , P. aeruginosa , B. cereus and Mycobacterium species, have shown tolerance and resistance to benzalkonium chloride.…”
Section: Personal Protective Equipment and Hygiene Practicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several pathogens, including E. coli , P. aeruginosa , B. cereus and Mycobacterium species, have shown tolerance and resistance to benzalkonium chloride. A cross-resistance between benzalkonium chloride and antibiotics has also been documented [ 94 , 95 ]. Moreover, the excessive use of surfactants, alcohol and hydrogen peroxides are also known to cause resistance in microorganisms [ 91 , 94 , 96 , 97 ].…”
Section: Personal Protective Equipment and Hygiene Practicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alcohols are known to possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. While the specific mechanism of action of alcohols is not clear, it is thought to be related to denaturation of membrane and enzymatic proteins [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”
Section: Faces Of the Tetrahedron: Inputsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ongoing use of petrochemical surfactants in hand hygiene solutions and soaps has raised concerns of environmental contamination, further supporting the search for biodegradable plant-based solutions. 85…”
Section: Plant Based Sanitisersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…86 When looking at plant constituents, saponins are the most widely studied plant-based surfactants. 85 Saponins from Quillaja saponaria have been shown to poses antiviral activity against numerous viral species including HIV. Bupleurum marginatum and Parispolyphylla are effective against influenza A and the saikosaponin constituents of Bupleurum marginatum have demonstrated coronavirus activity.…”
Section: Existing Data On Plant Based Sanitisersmentioning
confidence: 99%