COVID-19 Contact Tracing Using Blockchain

Abstract

Contact tracing has widely been adopted to control the spread of Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). It enables to identify, assess, and manage people who have been exposed to COVID-19, thereby preventing from its further transmission. Today's most of the contact tracing approaches, tools, and solutions fall short in providing decentralized, transparent, traceable, immutable, auditable, secure, and trustworthy features. In this paper, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based COVID-19 contact tracing solution. Contact tracing can greatly suffice the need for a speedy response to a pandemic. We leverage the immutable and tamperproof features of blockchain to enforce trust, accountability, and transparency. Trusted and registered oracles are used to bridge the gap between on-chain and off-chain data. With no third parties involved or centralized servers, the users' medical information is not prone to invasion, hacking, or abuse. Each user is registered using their digital medical passports. To respect the privacy of the users, their locations are updated with a time delay of 20 minutes. Using Ethereum smart contracts, transactions are executed on-chain with emitted events and immutable logs. We present details of the implemented algorithms and their testing analysis. We evaluate the proposed approach using security, cost, and privacy parameters to show its effectiveness. The smart contracts code is publicly made available on GitHub.

Blockchain Framework for Secure COVID-19 Pandemic Data Handling and Protection

“…Blockchain also provides four key frameworks, public blockchain, private blockchain, consortium blockchain, and hybrid blockchain [ 21 ]. In the above discussed frameworks, the first one is entirely distributed, with no requirement of permission, and available to everyone who joins.…”

Who Is Contributing to Academic Research on Blockchain Oracles? A Bibliometric Analysis

“…Construction and food supply chain is investigated as well as the traceability of vehicles and covid-19 infections [82]- [84]. Covid-19 traceability is the only application with two contributions, but they are both from the same institution [85], [86]. Convergences of papers from different institutions can be instead retrieved in the works of Etemadi et al [87] and Sanchez-Gomez et al [88].…”

A Complete Telemetry Solution for COVID-19 Infected Person by Using IoT

“…This solution is costeffective and more secure and the implementation is also easy. So this paper proposes a very good solution to stop contacts [6].…”

“…A healthcare monitoring system is designed which will monitor patients' health remotely using sensors and many more IoT devices for the patients who are in ICU [3]. For vaccination support and contact tracing system is proposed, a system is proposed for the collaboration of multiple robots which will be very helpful in the fight against COVID-19 and a solution is also provided for contact tracing using blockchain technology [4][5][6]. For monitoring of COVID-19 patients a system is also presented using IoT devices [7] and for detection of COVID-19 using chest X-ray is presented in paper [8].…”