COVID-19, City Lockdowns, and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

He, Guojun; Pan, Yuhang; Tanaka, Takanao

doi:10.1101/2020.03.29.20046649

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have recently estimated the short-term health implications of improvements in air quality in China, using measured nitrogen oxide and PM 2·5 data from 367 Chinese cities 24 and comparing PM 2·5 concentrations between locked down and non-locked down cities. 25 Here, we further expanded such analyses by integrating 6 months of data from more than 2500 measuring stations across China and Europe with a chemical transport model simulation, which allowed us to discuss and interpret drivers of the differences between impacts in Europe and China. The short-term impacts found in this study are consistent with the results of He and colleagues 25 and larger than those reported by Chen and colleagues, 24 reflecting a sharper drop in population-weighted PM 2·5 concentrations (−14·5 μg m −3 compared to 2016–19 averages) when taking into account the spatial variability of concentrations across the whole of China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 25 Here, we further expanded such analyses by integrating 6 months of data from more than 2500 measuring stations across China and Europe with a chemical transport model simulation, which allowed us to discuss and interpret drivers of the differences between impacts in Europe and China. The short-term impacts found in this study are consistent with the results of He and colleagues 25 and larger than those reported by Chen and colleagues, 24 reflecting a sharper drop in population-weighted PM 2·5 concentrations (−14·5 μg m −3 compared to 2016–19 averages) when taking into account the spatial variability of concentrations across the whole of China. Furthermore, we discussed the long-term impacts entailed by lockdown measures to provide guidance on the improvements in air quality and human health that could be attainable with strict policy measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

Giani

Castruccio

Anav

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

173

124

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Background Exposure to poor air quality leads to increased premature mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Among the far-reaching implications of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial improvement in air quality was observed worldwide after the lockdowns imposed by many countries. We aimed to assess the implications of different lockdown measures on air pollution levels in Europe and China, as well as the short-term and long-term health impact. Methods For this modelling study, observations of fine particulate matter (PM 2·5 ) concentrations from more than 2500 stations in Europe and China during 2016–20 were integrated with chemical transport model simulations to reconstruct PM 2·5 fields at high spatiotemporal resolution. The health benefits, expressed as short-term and long-term avoided mortality from PM 2·5 exposure associated with the interventions imposed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, were quantified on the basis of the latest epidemiological studies. To explore the long-term variability in air quality and associated premature mortality, we built different scenarios of economic recovery (immediate or gradual resumption of activities, a second outbreak in autumn, and permanent lockdown for the whole of 2020). Findings The lockdown interventions led to a reduction in population-weighted PM 2·5 of 14·5 μg m −3 across China (−29·7%) and 2·2 μg m −3 across Europe (−17·1%), with unprecedented reductions of 40 μg m −3 in bimonthly mean PM 2·5 in the areas most affected by COVID-19 in China. In the short term, an estimated 24 200 (95% CI 22 380–26 010) premature deaths were averted throughout China between Feb 1 and March 31, and an estimated 2190 (1960–2420) deaths were averted in Europe between Feb 21 and May 17. We also estimated a positive number of long-term avoided premature fatalities due to reduced PM 2·5 concentrations, ranging from 76 400 (95% CI 62 600–86 900) to 287 000 (233 700–328 300) for China, and from 13 600 (11 900–15 300) to 29 500 (25 800–33 300) for Europe, depending on the future scenarios of economic recovery adopted. Interpretation These results indicate that lockdown interventions led to substantial reductions in PM 2·5 concentrations in China and Europe. We estimated that tens of thousands of premature deaths from air pollution were avoided, although with significant differences observed in Europe and China. Our findings suggest that considerable improvements in air quality are achievable in both China and Europe when stringent emission control policies are adopted. Funding None.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

Giani

Castruccio

Anav

et al. 2020

The Lancet Planetary Health

173

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This happens because of the industrial closure and it can be seen that industrial activities are a source of air pollution. The impact of the application of locdown in cities with high industrial activity will increasingly decrease air pollution (14). The concentration of AQI is not only influenced by the lockdown policy which causes a decrease in community mobility and closure of various industrial fields.…”

Section: The Effect Of Lockdown On the Covid19 Pandemic Period On Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study Literature Review : The Effect of Lockdown on the Covid19 Pandemic Period on Air Quality

Zahro

2020

JKL

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Introduction: Covid19 is an infectious disease caused by the corona virus. This virus was first detected in Wuhan China. Covid19 has been defined as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 11, 2020. So there needs to be a policy to overcome the pandemic by implementing lockdown. The effect on the health sector one of which is environmental health includes air quality. The purpose of this literature review study is to determine the effect of the lockdown policy during the Covid19 pandemic on air quality parameters. Discussion: This research used a narrative literature review method. Selected journals that match the topic and inclusion criteria. The results of data analysis show that there is an effect of the lockdown policy during the Covid19 pandemic, namely an increase in AQI and O3 . Meanwhile, decreased concentration occurs in the PM10; PM2.5; NO2 ; CO; and SO2 parameters. Conclusion: Lockdown policy provided a big influence on the air quality in Sale City Marocco and Sao Paulo Brazil. Lockdown policies during the Covid19 period strongly influenced the concentration of NO2 .6

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“…West Bengal the fourth-most densely inhabited state in the country recorded the rst positive case of COVID-19 on 17 th March2020 after a United Kingdom-returned student tested positive. To avert the infection, countries have strictly restricted the movement of people and transportation; reduce human interactions, enforcing strict quarantine, prohibiting large-scale private and public gatherings, encouraging social-distancing, restricting private and public transportations and economic behavior (Fernandes 2020;He et al 2020; Q. Wang and Su 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Preprint

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Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24th March 2020 and was further extended up to 3rd May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, on the other hand, statistical methods like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre and during-lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611)=465.723, p<0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunj has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p<0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM2.5, PM 10 (0.99*); PM2.5, NO2 (0.81*); PM10, NO2 (0.81*); CO, NO2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O3, NO (-0.15); O3 and NH3 (-0.36) in the pre lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5, PM10 and NO2 are ~58.71%, ~57.92% and ~55.23%. Near RBU constant emission of PM2.5, 10 and NO2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

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COVID-19, City Lockdowns, and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

Short-term and long-term health impacts of air pollution reductions from COVID-19 lockdowns in China and Europe: a modelling study

Study Literature Review : The Effect of Lockdown on the Covid19 Pandemic Period on Air Quality

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

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