Abstract:SARS-COV-2 is the most recent from a series of emerging pathogens stressing national health systems. Initially restricted to Hubei province in China, COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-COV-2 has become pandemic, reaching almost every nation on our planet. Here, we present an estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number (R0) for this disease based on confirmed cases recorded during the initial 30 days of transmission. Based on local transmission data for the six initial days of transmission, we estimated (mean ±… Show more
“…In our previous study, the model key critical parameters were investigated and discussed. The reader can see more recently published works in this area in [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] .…”
After the analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy, and France the WHO has declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. There are around 100 research groups across the world trying to develop a vaccine for this coronavirus. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the COVID–19 pandemic is needed along with the effect of rapid test infection identification on controlling the spread of COVID-19. Mathematical models with computational simulations are the effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. This is an infectious disease and can be modeled as a system of non-linear differential equations with reaction rates. In this paper, we develop the models for coronavirus disease at different stages with the addition of more parameters due to interactions among the individuals. Then, some key computational simulations and sensitivity analysis are investigated. Further, the local sensitivities for each model state concerning the model parameters are computed using the model reduction techniques: the dynamical models are eventually changed with the change of parameters are represented graphically.
“…In our previous study, the model key critical parameters were investigated and discussed. The reader can see more recently published works in this area in [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] .…”
After the analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy, and France the WHO has declared the COVID-19 a pandemic. There are around 100 research groups across the world trying to develop a vaccine for this coronavirus. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the COVID–19 pandemic is needed along with the effect of rapid test infection identification on controlling the spread of COVID-19. Mathematical models with computational simulations are the effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. This is an infectious disease and can be modeled as a system of non-linear differential equations with reaction rates. In this paper, we develop the models for coronavirus disease at different stages with the addition of more parameters due to interactions among the individuals. Then, some key computational simulations and sensitivity analysis are investigated. Further, the local sensitivities for each model state concerning the model parameters are computed using the model reduction techniques: the dynamical models are eventually changed with the change of parameters are represented graphically.
“…These include Ndaírou et al. (2020) , where the case of Wuhan is addressed; Bouchnita and Jebrane (2020) , where the COVID-19 epidemic in Morocco is analyzed; Chaves et al. (2020) , which investigates the situation in Costa Rica; as well as several other investigations studying the reality of many other countries: Canada Chimmula and Zhang (2020) , Italy Giordano et al.…”
“…The SARS-COV-2 was first detected in Costa Rica more than 90 days after it was first identified in China. Initial structured and coordinated efforts to mitigate the spread of the disease appear to be successful, with lower death and transmission rates than countries with similar population sizes, gross domestic product and healthcare coverage [13]. Initial measures included suspending all mass gatherings, closing schools, places of worship, public buildings, hotels, bars, casinos and instituting a sanitary restriction on private transportation while encouraging the population to shelter in place.…”
Background
The safe management of patients with COVID-19 has been a challenge during the current pandemic, leading to healthcare workers being disproportionately affected by the virus. In Costa Rica, 20% of all infections and 27% of all ICU cases during the initial weeks of the outbreak were healthcare workers. The existing recommendations and protocols on how to care for an infected patient that requires acute surgical management have been applied successfully in various scenarios. We look to describe the first case of a COVID-19 patient that required surgical management in Costa Rica and present a summary of the protection measures utilized in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and methods
A review of literature utilizing Embase, Medline Complete and Google Scholar was performed. A surgical case report using the SCARE statement guidelines was drafted and a brief summary of the 54 items contained in the hospital’s COVID-19 surgical protocol is described.
Case presentation
We present the case of a 29 year old obese male who had acute appendicitis with perforation that contracted SARS-CoV-2 and became symptomatic at home on pod#3, who later required multiple surgeries to address an infected abdominal hematoma both while having an active COVID-19 infection and afterwards.
Conclusions
Safety measures for both staff and patients are of the utmost importance during the current coronavirus pandemic. Limitations in the availability of personal protection equipment as well a lack of knowledge and experience with handling surgical patients with this condition have led to various safety and attention protocols being drafted. The successful management of this patient is the first experience in Costa Rica on how to properly address staff safety during a surgical procedure. None of the workers involved in care of this patient were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.
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