COVID-19 and vitamin D– a systematic review

Jordan, Taja; Siuka, Darko; Rotovnik, Nada Kozjek; Pfeifer, Marija

doi:10.2478/sjph-2022-0017

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is well accepted that higher levels of anxiety during the epidemic may have caused hormone changes, resulting in increased glucose. In addition to this, many people increased sedentary behaviour, restricted their movement (22) and had lower craving control with increased snack intake during the COVID-19 lockdown (23), which was in contrast to the strengthening of protective factors against COVID-19 infection (24,25). All these factors might have predisposed pregnant women to increased fasting glucose concentration and GDM manifestation at centre by having universal early GDM screening place, therefore providing timely pharmacological treatment to those at high risk of perinatal complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes

Munda

Indihar

Okanovič

et al. 2023

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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Introduction Gestational diabetes (GDM) is one of the most common complications in pregnancy, with a prevalence that continues to rise. At the time of the COVID-19 epidemic, immediate reorganisation and adjustment of the system was needed. Telemedicine support was offered in order to provide high-quality treatment to pregnant women. However, the success of the treatment is unknown. We therefore aimed to evaluate COVID-19 epidemic effects on pregnancy outcomes in GDM. Methods The maternal outcomes (insulin treatment, gestational weight gain, caesarean section, hypertensive disorders) and perinatal outcomes (rates of large and small for gestational age, preterm birth and a composite child outcome) of women visiting a university hospital diabetes clinic from March to December 2020 were compared with those treated in the same period in 2019. Results Women diagnosed with GDM during the COVID-19 epidemic (n=417), were diagnosed earlier (23.9 [11.7–26.0] vs. 25.1 [21.8–26.7] gestational week), had higher fasting glucose (5.2 [5.0–5.4] vs. 5.1 [4.8–5.3] mmol/l) and earlier pharmacological therapy initiation, and had achieved lower HbA1c by the end of followup (5.1% (32.2 mmol/mol) [4.9% (30.1 mmol/mol)–5.4% (35.0 mmol/mol)] vs. 5.2% (33.3 mmol/mol) [5.0% (31.1 mmol/mol) – 5.4%·(35.5 mmol/mol)], p<0.001) compared to a year before (n=430). No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were found. Conclusions Although GDM was diagnosed at an earlier gestational age and higher fasting glucose concentration was present at the time of diagnosis, the COVID-19 epidemic did not result in worse glucose control during pregnancy or worse pregnancy outcomes in Slovenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes

Munda

Indihar

Okanovič

et al. 2023

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous studies also verified the effectiveness of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Within the systematic review by Jordan et al [ 39 ], it was concluded that its supplementation may play an important role in protecting from acute infections, and in the treatment of high-risk individuals, it may prevent progression to a critical clinical condition, and as a result, it may reduce mortality. Taking this into account, the supplementation of vitamin D is concluded to be safe option to prevent against acute respiratory tract infections [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Vitamin D and Mental Health in Adults with Respiratory System Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2023

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Vitamin D is indicated to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of both respiratory health and mental health problems, while mental health issues are a common consequence of diseases of the respiratory system. The aim of the presented systematic review was to gather available evidence regarding the influence of the supplementation of vitamin D on mental health in adults with respiratory system diseases obtained within randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The systematic review was conducted on the basis of the PubMed and Web of Science databases in agreement with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), while being registered within the database of the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020155779). A total of 8514 studies published before September 2021 were screened and 5 RCTs were included, which were assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Screening, inclusion, reporting, and assessment were conducted by two researchers independently. The studies focused on the assessment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but also increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, and bronchial asthma. The studies were conducted for various periods of time—from 2 months to a year—while the dose of vitamin D applied was also diverse—from 4000 IU applied daily, to 100,000 IU applied weekly, or monthly. The psychological measures applied within the studies allowed the assessment, mainly, of quality of life, but also well-being, and depression. For the majority of studies, some concerns regarding risk of bias were defined, resulting from the randomization process and selection of reported results; however, for one study, the risk was even defined as high. Within the included studies, three studies confirmed a beneficial effect of vitamin D (including those with a high risk of bias), but two studies did not confirm it. Taking into account the evidence gathered, in spite of a positive influence of vitamin D on mental health in individuals with increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections and bronchial asthma, the conducted systematic review is not a strong confirmation of the beneficial effect of the supplementation of vitamin D on mental health in adults with respiratory system diseases.

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“…The factors that influenced this phenomenon are not entirely known and are most likely multifactorial, including preventive behaviour in general and vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient individuals. ( 50 , 51 ). It is not clear whether the same is true for the Slovenian cohort, and thus this question warrants further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length of hospital stay and survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic: A single centre retrospective study from Slovenia

Rozman

Rituper

Kačar

et al. 2022

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

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Background As of writing, there are no publications pertaining to the prediction of COVID-19-related outcomes and length of stay in patients from Slovene hospitals. Objectives To evaluate the length of regular ward and ICU stays and assess the survival of COVID-19 patients to develop better prediction models to forecast hospital capacity and staffing demands in possible further pandemic peaks. Methods In this retrospective, single-site study we analysed the length of stay and survival of all patients, hospitalized due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) at the peak of the second wave, between November 18th 2020 and January 27th 2021 at the University Clinic Golnik, Slovenia. Results Out of 407 included patients, 59% were male. The median length of stay on regular wards was 7.5 (IQR 5–13) days, and the median ICU length of stay was 6 (IQR 4–11) days. Age, male sex, and ICU stay were significantly associated with a higher risk of death. The probability of dying in 21 days at the regular ward was 14.4% (95% CI [10.9–18%]) and at the ICU it was 43.6% (95% CI [19.3-51.8%]). Conclusion The survival of COVID-19 is strongly affected by age, sex, and the fact that a patient had to be admitted to ICU, while the length of hospital bed occupancy is very similar across different demographic groups. Knowing the length of stay and admission rate to ICU is important for proper planning of resources during an epidemic.

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COVID-19 and vitamin D– a systematic review

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during the COVID-19 epidemic in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes

Supplementation of Vitamin D and Mental Health in Adults with Respiratory System Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Length of hospital stay and survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic: A single centre retrospective study from Slovenia

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