COVID‐19 and thalassemia beta major in splenectomized patient: Clinical case progression and literature review

Okar, Lina; Ali, Mohammad; Parengal, Jabeed; Yassin, Mohamed A

doi:10.1002/ccr3.3345

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is mainly due to either alpha or beta chains hemoglobin reduction leading to defects that cause a wide range of clinical presentations. Thalassemia can also be categorized into transfusion dependent or independent 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of COVID‐19 reinfection in a patient with beta thalassemia major

Okar

Raza

Yassin

2020

Clinical Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of COVID‐19 reinfection in a patient with beta thalassemia major

Okar

Raza

Yassin

2020

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Mostly because of the multiple organ involvement which occurs in thalassemia patients due to iron overload and chronic anemia status that affect the heart, lungs, liver, and endocrine glands. Thus, those patients were added to other vulnerable population at risk of COVID-19 infection and complications [6,21] . Also, Previous studies demonstrated that beta thalassemia patients tend to have may changes in their immune system like higher levels of IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, neopterin, reduced C3 level and complement activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on this clinical course Thalassemia was categorized into transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) [4,5] COVID-19 pandemic was considered to cause a real challenge for haemoglobinopathies patients, their surroundings including families and medical staff as per the statement from Thalassemia international Federation (TIF) which published on the 13th of July 2020 considering patients with hemoglobinopathies at greater risk to get the infection. However, they also emphasized the lack of evidence regarding the clinical course of COVID-19 infections in this category of patients [6] . Here we present a description of two BTM cases infected with COVID-19 in Qatar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 infection In Beta Thalassemia Major: Case series

2020

IJCR

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Case Report IJCR (2020) 4:161 COVID-19 infection In Beta Thalassemia Major: Case series COVID-19 infection was first described in Wuhan, China after an increasing spread of atypical pneumonia of unknown pathogen. Unfortunately, this novel virus continues spreading causing a pandemic. Thalassemia considered one of the most common hemoglobinopathies. Beta thalassemia is the commonest type with a variety in clinical picture due to the deference in homozygous. A lot of vulnerable categories were at high risk of getting infected with the coronavirus and more even its complication. Despite the conflicting data and ongoing research on this topic, thalassemia patients were categorized among the high-risk population. Here we present a case series describing the clinical progression of two splenectomised patients who has transfusion dependent beta thalassemia major.

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“…30 From the previous results of studies, some clinical trials started to use HBF inducers agent s in protocols for treatment COVID-19 like Hydroxyurea and Panobinostat 31 . However, some literature and case studies approved that beta-thalassemia patients had a higher risk of COVID-19 complications due to iron overload and splenectomy 32,34 .…”

Section: Role Of Fetal Hemoglobin In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on Hemoglobin: Theories and recommended Drugs

Hassan

Ahmed

Sanad

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research

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COVID-19 has affected over 110 million patients worldwide till February 2021. Scientists seek to understand the pathophysiology and proposed several theories. COVID-19 severe clinical phenomena occurred due to cytokine storms that cause hypochlorous acid (HOCl) production. HOCl has several harmful effects on hemoglobin, like heme degradation and iron overload toxicity. There are two theories about the attack of COVID-19 on Hemoglobin. One widely shared hypothesis based on the docking model, recommended that SARS-CoV-2 proteins ORF1ab and ORF3a bind to hemoglobin protein, changing heme to ORF10, resulting in the breakdown of the heme into iron and Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), causing the loss of hemoglobin function and iron toxicity. While other experimental study of patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients is compared in the objection theory. The results showed that COVID-19 patients were not showing any hemolytic anemia or altering the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve and hence, COVID-19 has no role in the removal of iron and oxygen delivery. In addition, there is a hypothesis that hemoglobin structure plays a role in the physiopathology of COVID-19 disease. In children a high fetal hemoglobin levels leading to a decrease in the mortality rate with COVID-19. Another hypothesis linked between the blood grouping and the risk of developing COVID-19 infection. O group persons have a lower chance for infection. From all the previous studies, many drugs formulated like fetal hemoglobin inducers, Iron chelators, and Lactoferrin represents options for the treatment of COVID-19. The present review is an attempt to describe some hypothesizes related to the Hemoglobin theory. In addition, there is information on several novel treatments for COVID-19 therapy.

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COVID‐19 and thalassemia beta major in splenectomized patient: Clinical case progression and literature review

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

First report of COVID‐19 reinfection in a patient with beta thalassemia major

First report of COVID‐19 reinfection in a patient with beta thalassemia major

COVID-19 infection In Beta Thalassemia Major: Case series

Effect of COVID-19 on Hemoglobin: Theories and recommended Drugs

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