COVID-19 and School Closures

Svaleryd, Helena; Vlachos, Jonas

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_318-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Closing the schools, and implementing distance learning, was based on the assumption that the interactions implied by attending schools might have been an important driver of the spread of Covid‐19 in the population. The recent literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd & Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd & Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”

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confidence: 99%

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School‐age vaccination, school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion

et al. 2023

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This article investigates the relationship between school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion when school‐age vaccination becomes available. The analysis relies on a unique geo‐referenced high frequency database on age of vaccination, Covid‐19 cases and hospitalization indicators from the Italian region of Sicily. The study focuses on the change of Covid‐19 diffusion after school opening in a homogeneous geographical territory (i.e., with the same control measures and surveillance systems, centrally coordinated by the Regional Government). The identification of causal effects derives from a comparison of the change in cases before and after school opening in the school year 2020/21, when vaccination was not available, and in 2021/22, when the vaccination campaign targeted individuals of age 12–19 and above 19. Results indicate that, while school opening determined an increase in the growth rate of Covid‐19 cases in 2020/2021, this effect has been substantially reduced by school‐age vaccination in 2021/2022. In particular, we find that an increase of approximately 10% in the vaccination rate of school‐age population reduces the growth rate of Covid‐19 cases after school opening by approximately 1%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

School‐age vaccination, school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion

et al. 2023

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“…Closing the schools, and implementing distance learning, was based on the assumption that the interactions implied by attending schools might have been an important driver of the spread of Covid-19 in the population. The recent literature addressing the issue, often exploiting school openings for identification purposes, found mixed results (see Svaleryd and Vlachos, 2022, for a detailed survey). On the other hand, closing the schools raised concerns on the costs in terms of lost opportunities of accumulating human capital, as well as on the psychological costs of the students and distress of the students' families (see Stantcheva, 2022, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-age Vaccination, School Openings and Covid-19 diffusion

Amodio¹,

Battisti²,

Gravina³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Do school openings trigger Covid-19 diffusion when school-age vaccination is available?We investigate this question using a unique geo-referenced high frequency database on school openings, vaccinations, and Covid-19 cases from the Italian region of Sicily. The analysis focuses on the change of Covid-19 diffusion after school opening in a homogeneous geographical territory. The identification of causal effects derives from a comparison of the change in cases before and after school opening in 2020/21, when vaccination was not available, and in 2021/22, when the vaccination campaign targeted individuals of age 12-19 and above 19. The results indicate that, while school opening determined an increase in the growth rate of Covid-19 cases in 2020/2021, this effect has been substantially reduced by school-age vaccination in 2021/2022. In particular, we find that an increase of approximately 10% in the vaccination rate of school-age population reduces the growth rate of Covid-19 cases after school opening by approximately 1.4%. In addition, a counterfactual simulation suggests that a permanent no vaccination scenario would have implied an increase of 19% in ICU beds occupancy.

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“…Studies document substantial learning losses in the Netherlands concentrated among students from less educated homes ( 5 ); others do not find evidence for a major learning slide or widening learning gaps by family background in Denmark ( 6 ). A recent review ( 7 ) provides an overview of the emerging literature on learning losses during the school closures. They conclude that most evidence points to rather substantial learning losses and widening inequalities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2

Isphoring

Diederichs

Ewijk

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We use event study models based on staggered summer vacations in Germany to estimate the effect of school reopenings after the summer of 2021 on the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Estimations are based on daily counts of confirmed coronavirus infections across all 401 German counties. A central antipandemic measure in German schools included mandatory rapid testing multiple times per week. Our results are consistent with mandatory testing contributing to the containment of the viral spread. We find a short-term increase in infection rates right after summer breaks, indicating the uncovering of otherwise undetected (asymptomatic) cases through the testing. After a period of about 2 wk after school reopenings, the growth of case numbers is smaller in states that reopened schools compared with the control group of states still in summer break. The results show a similar pattern for older age groups as well, arguably as a result of detected clusters through the school testing. This means that under certain conditions, open schools can play a role in containing the spread of the virus. Our results suggest that closing schools as a means to reduce infections may have unintended consequences by giving up surveillance and should be considered only as a last resort.

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COVID-19 and School Closures

Cited by 7 publications

References 75 publications

School‐age vaccination, school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion

School‐age vaccination, school openings and Covid‐19 diffusion

School-age Vaccination, School Openings and Covid-19 diffusion

Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2

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