COVID-19 and Mortality, Depression, and Suicide in the Polish Population

Rogalska, Anna; Syrkiewicz-Świtała, Magdalena

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.854028

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…A total of 8642 studies were screened, with 72 studies (131 samples) meeting the inclusion criteria. Among them, 16 [ 10 , 11 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ], 11 [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], and 19 [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] only addressed changes in suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and death by suicide, respectively; 25 [ 9 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 92 , 93 , 94 , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneity test results were significant ( I 2 = 99.99%, tau 2 = 0.055, P Q < 0.05), indicating a substantial difference in effect sizes across samples. By excluding samples one by one or samples with lower quality scores [ 14 , 77 , 78 , 83 , 86 ], sensitivity analysis showed robustness in the pooled ratio for death by suicide, as none of the samples affected the pooled estimate substantially ( Figures S12 and S13 ). In addition, visual inspection of the funnel plot ( Figure S14 ) and the non-significant results in the Egger’s tests ( intercept = 11.99, t = 0.21, p = 0.837) indicated an absence of asymmetry in the funnel plot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Forest plot for studies [ 8 , 13 , 14 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 113 , 114 ] reporting death by suicide (Prismatic colored as red refers to the pooled estimate). …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Synthesizing evidence to examine changes in suicide-related outcomes before and during the pandemic can inform suicide management during the COVID-19 crisis. We searched 13 databases as of December 2022 for studies reporting both the pre- and peri-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or rate of death by suicide. A random-effects model was used to pool the ratio of peri- and pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt (Prevalence Ratio—PR) and rate of death by suicide (Rate Ratio; RR). We identified 51, 55, and 25 samples for suicidal ideation, attempt, and death by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased significantly among non-clinical (PR = 1.142; 95% CI: 1.018–1.282; p = 0.024; k = 28) and clinical (PR = 1.134; 95% CI: 1.048–1.227; p = 0.002; k = 23) samples, and pooled estimates differed by population and study design. Suicide attempts were more prevalent during the pandemic among non-clinical (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.053–1.233; p = 0.001; k = 30) and clinical (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.489; p = 0.000; k = 25) participants. The pooled RR for death by suicide was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.84–1.01; p = 0.092; k = 25), indicating a nonsignificant downward trend. An upward trend of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite suicide rate remaining stable. Our findings suggest that timely prevention and intervention programs are highly needed for non-clinical adult population and clinical patients. Monitoring the real-time and long-run suicide risk as the pandemic evolves is warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Yan

Hou

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Unfortunately, our own study showed that in the year 2020, an increase above the expected value of 12.5% (12.8% among men and 10.8% among women) was observed. The previously mentioned excessive alcohol consumption and psychological consequences of isolation are probably the reason for the increased number of suicidal deaths ( 21 ). In addition, a link between suicide and economic problems associated with the pandemic is also highlighted in literature ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess mortality in Poland during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Pikala

Krzywicka

Burzyńska

2022

Front. Public Health

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PurposeThe aim of the study was to analyse excess deaths by major causes of death and associated changes in the mortality pattern of the Polish population in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study used data on all deaths in Poland which occurred between 2010 and 2020 (N = 3,912,237). 10-year mortality trends for 2010–2019 were determined. An analysis of time trends has been carried out with joinpoint models and Joinpoint Regression Program. Based on the determined regression models, the number of deaths expected in 2020 and the number of excess deaths due to selected causes were calculated.ResultsThe crude death rates of all-cause deaths increased from 2000 to 2019 at an average annual rate of 1% (p = 0.0007). The determined regression model revealed that the number of deaths in 2020 should have been 413,318 (95% CI: 411,252 to 415,385). In reality, 477,355 people died in Poland that year. The number of excess deaths was therefore 64,037 (15.5%). According to data from Statistics Poland the number of COVID-19-related deaths was 40,028, the number of non-COVID-19 deaths was 24,009. The largest percentage increase over the expected number of deaths was observed for suicide (12.5%), mental and behavioral disorders (7.2%) and diseases of circulatory system (5.9%). A lower than expected number of deaths was observed for malignant neoplasms (−3.2%) and transport accidents (−0.1%).ConclusionThe difference between expected and observed non-COVID-19 deaths in 2020 indicates a need for further analysis of the causes of excess mortality.

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“…Social isolation can be defined as an absence of social interactions, contacts, and relationships with other people at multiple levels of human interaction, including individual, group, and community [ 1 ], and has been linked to poorer mental health outcomes [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Geographic isolation, rurality, and identifying as sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, queer) increase the risk for social isolation [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support over Social Media among Socially Isolated Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in Rural U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities for Intervention Research

Karim

Choukas‐Bradley

Radovic

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Sexual and gender minority (SGM) rural adolescents are at risk for higher levels of social isolation, a well-known risk factor for depression and other negative health outcomes. We qualitatively examined how rural SGM youth seek emotional and informational support, which are protective factors for social isolation on social media (SM) regarding their SGM identity, and determined which SM platforms and tools are most effective in providing support. We conducted semistructured online interviews with rural SGM teens who screened positive for social isolation in spring 2020 and used a thematic analysis approach to analyze the data. Sixteen youths participated in interviews. Themes included seeking emotional support through SM groups and communities, seeking emotional support in designated online SGM spaces, using SM feeds for informational support, and disclosing SGM identity differentially across platforms. SM-based interventions could be leveraged to provide emotional and informational support for rural SGM youth across specific SM platforms and consider whether they are providing emotional or information support. Interventions focused on informational support may best be used on content-based platforms. Those designed to combat social isolation and connect marginalized SGM youths to similar others might benefit from community and forum-based platforms.

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COVID-19 and Mortality, Depression, and Suicide in the Polish Population

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Excess mortality in Poland during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Support over Social Media among Socially Isolated Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in Rural U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities for Intervention Research

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