COVID-19 and monkeypox co-infection: A rapid systematic review

Abstract

In this paper we aimed to study the characteristics, laboratory data and outcomes of monkeypox virus (MPV) and COVID-19 co-infection. On 2nd October 2022, we used the search term “(“monkeypox virus” OR “MPV” OR “monkey pox” OR “monkeypox”) AND (“COVID-19” OR “COVID 19” OR “novel coronavirus” OR “SARS−CoV−2”)” in five databases to collect the relevant articles. We found three male patients, who had sex with men prior to the infection, had multiple comorbid conditions, were diagnosed with PCR, and were admitted to the hospital. The length of hospital stay was 4, 6, and 9 days. On admission, two cases had multiple vesicular lesions on various sites of the body associated with tonsillar inflammation, while the third case had genital ulcers and inguinal lymph node enlargement. All cases were managed in the hospital and recovered well. It might still be too early to establish solid evidence about the exact cause-effect association between SARS-CoV-2 and MPV co-infection and patient’s outcomes because of the current low sample size. Accordingly, future relevant investigations, estimating the risk ratio of this association are needed to formulate definite evidence.

Mpox impact on different organ systems: Complications, mechanisms, and management

“…The most common mechanism for developing such complications in the mpox population is associated with respiratory infections, including viral, 84–88 and superimposed lower respiratory tract bacterial infections 89 . Viral co‐infections, like influenza virus, the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and HIV, were recently reported among mpox patients 84–88 . SARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and many affected patients died from direct lung injury 90–94 .…”

“…Furthermore, Mitjà et al 23 showed that 35 mpox with HIV patients (9%) had respiratory complications, including shortness of breath (N = 12), lung nodules (N = 11), pleural effusion (N = 6), consolidation (N = 4), ground glass changes (N = 3), and miliary pattern (N = 1). The most common mechanism for developing such complications in the mpox population is associated with respiratory infections, including viral, [84][85][86][87][88] and superimposed lower respiratory tract bacterial infections. 89 Viral co-infections, like influenza virus, the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV, were recently reported among mpox patients.…”

“…89 Viral co-infections, like influenza virus, the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV, were recently reported among mpox patients. [84][85][86][87][88] SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and many affected patients died from direct lung injury. [90][91][92][93][94] Moreover, HIV patients are immunocompromised and have an increased risk of acquiring opportunistic infections, which can also lead to serious lung damage.…”

Functional Analysis of Monkeypox and Interrelationship between Monkeypox and COVID-19 by Bioinformatic Analysis

“…It is still unclear whether the new monkeypox outbreak is a distinct phenomenon or if it is exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic [ 25 ]. Because of the current small patient sample size, the exact cause-effect relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV coinfection cannot yet be established [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Synthesis of Isolated DNA Aptamer and Its Application of AC-Electrothermal Flow-Based Rapid Biosensor for the Detection of Dengue Virus in a Spiked Sample

“…Currently, there is no approved antiviral agent or vaccine for dengue fever; however, treatment-oriented medical methods are being used to develop potential agents against DENV . Furthermore, an increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus co-infection cases has been reported in dengue-endemic areas. − Cases of co-infection are of great concern as the risk of infection with two viruses is significantly higher than that of a single virus, and the threat of coronavirus is still prominent. , Therefore, it is essential that a method is developed that can detect DENV in the early stages and prevent the advancement of the disease.…”