COVID-19 and liver diseases, what we know so far

El‐Naggar, Mohamed Y.; Abomhya, Ahmed; Elkhattib, Ismail; Dawoud, Nabila; Doshi, Rajkumar

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.3969

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The influence of viral hepatitis on COVID-19 severity and COVID-19-related liver injury has not been clearly established. COVID-19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may have prolonged virus shedding and infection[ 48 ]. Furthermore, during SARS-CoV infection, replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found to be enhanced, inducing more severe liver injury; similar enhancement could be noted during SARS-CoV-2 infection[ 102 ].…”

Section: Chronic Liver Disease and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge

Papagiouvanni¹,

Kotoulas²,

Pataka³

et al. 2023

World J Gastroenterol

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The new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. The virus was rapidly spread worldwide, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although COVID-19 is presented, usually, with typical respiratory symptoms ( i.e. , dyspnea, cough) and fever, extrapulmonary manifestations are also encountered. Liver injury is a common feature in patients with COVID-19 and ranges from mild and temporary elevation of liver enzymes to severe liver injury and, even, acute liver failure. The pathogenesis of liver damage is not clearly defined; multiple mechanisms contribute to liver disorder, including direct cytopathic viral effect, cytokine storm and immune-mediated hepatitis, hypoxic injury, and drug-induced liver toxicity. Patients with underlying chronic liver disease ( i.e. , cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc .) may have greater risk to develop both severe COVID-19 and further liver deterioration, and, as a consequence, certain issues should be considered during disease management. The aim of this review is to present the prevalence, clinical manifestation and pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we overview the association between chronic liver disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection and we briefly discuss the management of liver injury during COVID-19.

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Section: Chronic Liver Disease and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge

Papagiouvanni¹,

Kotoulas²,

Pataka³

et al. 2023

World J Gastroenterol

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“…The mechanism by which coronaviruses harm hepatocytes and influence hepatic function is still unknown, even though multiple clinical studies have shown a high link between coronaviruses and liver damage[ 6 ]. Potential mechanisms of liver injury that have been reported include immune-mediated damage because of the severe dysregulated inflammatory response, direct cytotoxicity, systemic hypoxia with hypoxic hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, reactivation of pre-existing liver disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, SARS-CoV-2-induced hepatic steatosis, microthrombotic disease, ischemic hepatitis, cardiomyopathy with hepatic congestion, and extrahepatic release of transaminases[ 61 ]. Ischemic, hypercoagulable, and hyperinflammatory states are independent predictors of death in patients with COVID-19 and not liver injury[ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver

Sanyaolu¹,

Marinković²,

Abbasi³

et al. 2023

World J Virol

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There have been numerous concerns about the disease and how it affects the human body since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began in December 2019. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver is being carefully investigated due to an increase in individuals with hepatitis and other liver illnesses, such as alcoholic liver disease. Additionally, the liver is involved in the metabolism of numerous drugs used to treat comorbidities and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Determining how SARS-CoV-2 affects the liver and what factors place individuals with COVID-19 at a higher risk of developing liver problems are the two main objectives of this study. This evaluation of the literature included research from three major scientific databases. To provide an update on the current impact of COVID-19 on the liver, data was collected and relevant information was incorporated into the review. With more knowledge about the effect of the disease on the liver, better management and therapeutics can be developed, and education can ultimately save lives and reduce the long-term impact of the pandemic on our population.

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“…Mild aspartate transaminase (AST) elevation is considered an early sign of severe COVID-19, while high alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are considered an independent predictor of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. AST and ALT levels greater than three times the upper limit of normal have been associated with increased mortality[ 34 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Effects On the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol use disorder and liver injury related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Marano¹,

Traversi²,

Gaetani³

et al. 2022

World J Hepatol

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Alcohol use disorder is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that can be studied from several points of view by focusing on its different components. Alcohol is a hepatotoxin whose metabolism creates profound alterations within the hepatocyte. The liver is the central organ in the metabolism of alcohol, a process that also involves other organs and tissues such as the brain, heart and muscles, but the most relevant organ is the liver. The anatomopathological alterations in the liver associated with the prolonged use of alcohol range from the simple accumulation of neutral fats in the hepatocytes, to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcohol abuse frequently leads to liver disease such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and tumors. Following the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there was an increase in alcohol consumption, probably linked to the months of lockdown and smart working. It is known that social isolation leads to a considerable increase in stress, and it is also recognized that high levels of stress can result in an increase in alcohol intake. Cirrhotic patients or subjects with liver cancer are immunocompromised, so they may be more exposed to COVID-19 infection with a worse prognosis. This review focuses on the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has made the emergence of alcohol-induced liver damage a major medical and social problem.

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COVID-19 and liver diseases, what we know so far

Cited by 16 publications

References 99 publications

COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge

COVID-19 and liver injury: An ongoing challenge

Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver

Alcohol use disorder and liver injury related to the COVID-19 pandemic

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