Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Ahmadian, Elham; Khatibi, Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan; Soofiyani, Saiedeh Razi; Abediazar, Sima; Shoja, Mohammadali Mohajel; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Vahed, Sepideh Zununi

doi:10.1002/rmv.2176

Cited by 263 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Entry targets such as the ACE2 receptor and the CD147 protein may also exert roles in the pathogenic mechanisms for direct injury from the virus. CD147, for example, exerts a role in several kidney diseases through dysregulation of the cell cycle and inflammatory response [ 65 ]. CD147 induces kidney injury by inducing inflammation, ischemia, and loss of self-tolerance [ 66 ].…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Histopathology Findings Of Covimentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Kidney: A Worrisome Scenario of Acute and Chronic Consequences

Sanchez-Russo

Billah

Chancay

et al. 2021

JCM

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common finding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been associated with higher rates of death when compared to COVID-19 patients without kidney injury. Whereas the definitive pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AKI (CoV-AKI) is not clear, histopathologic evidence seems to point at multiple etiologies for the disease, including indirect and direct viral kidney injury. The high incidence of CoV-AKI, along with the aggressive clinical presentation of this entity, have increased the demands for kidney replacement therapies, rapidly overwhelming the supplies of healthcare systems even in major tertiary care centers. As a result, nephrologists have come up with alternatives to maximize the efficiency of treatments and have developed non-conventional therapeutic alternatives such as the implementation of acute peritoneal dialysis for critically ill patients. The long-term implications of CoV-AKI are yet unknown, though early studies suggest that around one third of the patients who survive will remain dependent on kidney replacement therapy. Nephrologists and healthcare workers need to be familiar with the clinical presentation and therapeutic challenges of CoV-AKI in order to develop strategies to mitigate the burden of the disease for patients, and for services providing kidney replacement therapies.

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Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Histopathology Findings Of Covimentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Kidney: A Worrisome Scenario of Acute and Chronic Consequences

Sanchez-Russo

Billah

Chancay

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Indirect injury may result from reduced blood flow following a dysregulated ACE-2 pathway and thus, acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman’s capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. Exacerbated inflammation and the cytokine storm may also lead to kidney malfunction 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease-19: The multi-level, multi-faceted vasculopathy

et al. 2021

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Background and aims The new coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is a systemic disease. Mounting evidence depict signs and symptoms involving multiple organs, most of which supported by pathological data. A plausible link to these manifestations is vascular and endothelial dysfunction/damage. However, much of the current knowledge relies on opinion and incipient evidence. We aim to objectively appraise current evidence on the association between Covid-19 and vascular disease, specifically endotheliitis and vasculitis. Methods Two researchers independently entered the search terms Covid-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND vasculitis, endotheliitis OR endothelium in the following online platforms: MedRxiv and LitCovid (PubMed). The search period was set from November 1, 2019 to August 28, 2020. Manuscripts with unavailable full texts, not in English, mainly on pre-clinical data, presenting only study designs or not directly related to the topics of this review were excluded. Retrospective and prospective studies, especially longitudinal ones, were given priority to the purpose of this review. Since there was paucity of prospective controlled evidence, case reports/series were also considered. Results A total of 318 manuscripts were initially found. Sixty-seven (21%) were excluded: 59 (18.5%) met exclusion criteria and 8 (2.5%) were duplicates. One hundred and forty-two manuscripts (44,6%) did not provide original data and were also excluded: 35 (11%) were comments, 108 (33.9%) reviews; 1 (0.3%) position paper. One hundred and seven (33.6%) studies were considered for the present scoping review: 81 (25,5%) case reports/series; 18 (5.7%) prospective; 8 (2.5%) retrospective. Viral inclusions in endothelial cells, mononuclear cell infiltrates in the intima of small vessels and markers of endothelial cell apoptosis were demonstrated. Specificities of Covid-19 may lead to diverse vascular manifestations in different levels of the vascular bed. Conclusions Evidence indicates that Covid-19 targets vasculature and endothelium. However, high quality data is still lacking and studies with prospective designs and appropriately matched controls are needed.

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“…Endothelial dysfunction can increase prothrombotic blood activity and myocarditis, which contributes to the high mortality rate observed in COVID-19 patients ( Shi et al, 2020a ). Moreover, the virus-induced CSS associated with an unbalanced AngII/Ang1–7 in kidney tubules and podocytes is pointed as responsible for acute kidney injury ( Ahmadian et al, 2020 ). The multiple organ injuries characterized by a high incidence of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal, and neurological injuries, endocrine alterations, and cutaneous manifestation have also been observed in non-surviving patients ( D’Errico et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Cytokine Storm In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Polyphenols-Based Diet on the Inflammatory Profile in COVID-19 Elderly and Obese Patients

2021

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The World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019 – COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and systemic inflammation–related pathology and already kills more than 1.5 million of people worldwide. Since aged and obese COVID-19 patients exhibit an enhanced inflammatory status, they represent a high-risk cluster for rapidly progressive clinical deterioration. These individuals present comorbid disorders and immunosenescence that may promote viral-induced cytokine storm and expression of molecules acting as virus receptor as angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and CD26 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4), resulting in respiratory failure and increased morbidity and mortality. A better knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection in inflammatory-associated high-risk population is essential in order to develop the therapies needed to combat or prevent severe COVID-19. Here, we review the pathogenesis and clinical implications of inflammatory disorders and disease markers associated to senescence in COVID-19 patients and the emerging evidence to argue that a high intake of polyphenols may have a protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 illness severity.

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Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms

Cited by 263 publications

References 112 publications

COVID-19 and the Kidney: A Worrisome Scenario of Acute and Chronic Consequences

COVID-19 and the Kidney: A Worrisome Scenario of Acute and Chronic Consequences

Coronavirus disease-19: The multi-level, multi-faceted vasculopathy

The Impact of Polyphenols-Based Diet on the Inflammatory Profile in COVID-19 Elderly and Obese Patients

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