COVID-19 and Infant Hospitalizations for Seasonal Respiratory Virus Infections, New Zealand, 2020

Trenholme, Adrian; Webb, Rachel; Lawrence, Shirley; Arrol, Sharon; Taylor, Susan; Ameratunga, Shanthi; Byrnes, Catherine A.

doi:10.3201/eid2702.204041

Cited by 69 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The application of strict precautionary measures, such as lockdowns, home stays, the closure of schools and the suspension of large-scale events, disrupted the transmission of COVID-19, which simultaneously resulted in a decrease in the incidence of other respiratory infectious diseases, including in uenza. In this regard, the ndings of the current study support those of studies conducted outside China [12][13][14]20]. Several explanations have been posited for the decrease in the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Lastly, people's hygiene habits have improved considerably as it is mandatory to wear masks, regularly wash hands and implement proper ventilation. Generally, it is feasible that the lockdown, in conjunction with healthseeking behavioural changes and improved personal hygiene, has reduced the risk of the transmission of respiratory infectious disease pathogens [10][11][12][13][14]20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPIs have also decreased the incidence of common respiratory infectious diseases(RID), including in uenza, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus in "New Zealand, USA, and Japan, etc. [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Coronavirus 2019 Disease Control Measures on the Incidence of Respiratory Infectious Disease and Air Pollutant Concentrations in Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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To investigate the changes of the respiratory infectious diseases (RID) and air quality during the COVID-19 outbreak over Yangtze River Delta Region, China. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 control measures on changes of RID and air quality by constructing two proportional test and fitting ARIMA and piecewise regression models. A total of 81,345 and 1,048,511 cases of RID were identified in Shanghai and Zhejiang Province, respectively. The incidence of seven RID and influenza decreased by 37.80% and 49.57% in 2020 in Shanghai and decreased by 20.39% and 43.40% in Zhejiang Province, respectively. The monthly concentrations of overall air pollutants decreased by 12.7% and 12.85% in 2020 Shanghai and Zhejiang compared to the 2017–2019 period; the most rapid decrease was observed in SO2 concentrations (32.39% and 33.37% in Shanghai Province and Zhejiang Province, respectively). A moderate correlation was seen between influenza incidence and monthly SO2 concentrations in Shanghai (r = 0.59). A 10 μg/m3 decrease of SO2 was significantly associated with the reduction of influenza incidence(2907.76 per 100,000). This study provided the additional evidences that the measures taken for COVID-19 were effective in improving the air quality and reducing spread of other common respiratory diseases, but direct causality is not established.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Coronavirus 2019 Disease Control Measures on the Incidence of Respiratory Infectious Disease and Air Pollutant Concentrations in Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The number of HRSV cases has dramatically dropped and virtually no epidemics were observed except for small outbreaks in southernmost prefectures in Japan, such as Okinawa in November and Kagoshima in October in 2020 [19]. The dramatic decline of overseas travelers, strengthened personal hygiene behaviours and social infection control measurements may have contributed to such a decline of the HRSV cases in 2020 [40][41][42][43][44][45]. Thus it is important that future studies include post-2020 data to assess how the COVID-19 emergence changes the onset week of HRSV epidemic season.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in the epidemic season of human respiratory syncytial virus associated with inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions in Japan, 2014–2017: An ecological study

et al. 2021

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Few studies have examined the effects of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions on the shift in human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) season in Japan. This study aims to test whether the number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions are associated with the onset week of HRSV epidemic season. The estimation of onset week for 46 prefectures (except for Okinawa prefecture) in Japan for 4-year period (2014–2017) was obtained from previous papers based on the national surveillance data. We obtained data on the yearly number of inbound overseas travelers and meteorological (yearly mean temperature and relative humidity) conditions from Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), respectively. Multi-level mixed-effects linear regression analysis showed that every 1 person (per 100,000 population) increase in number of overall inbound overseas travelers led to an earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in the year by 0.02 week (coefficient –0.02; P<0.01). Higher mean temperature and higher relative humidity were also found to contribute to an earlier onset week by 0.30 week (coefficient –0.30; P<0.05) and 0.18 week (coefficient –0.18; P<0.01), respectively. Additionally, models that included the number of travelers from individual countries (Taiwan, South Korea, and China) except Australia showed that both the number of travelers from each country and meteorological conditions contributed to an earlier onset week. Our analysis showed the earlier onset week of HRSV epidemic season in Japan is associated with increased number of inbound overseas travelers, higher mean temperature, and relative humidity. The impact of international travelers on seasonality of HRSV can be further extended to investigations on the changes of various respiratory infectious diseases especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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“…The mechanism is simple: when the respiratory transmission chain is disrupted by placing physical barriers between the source and vulnerable individuals, transmission is limited and new cases rapidly decline. These factors seem to have greatly restricted the circulation of this new coronavirus, but also had a great impact on the seasonal circulation of influenza in both hemispheres [2,3]. In several southern hemisphere countries on different continents, influenza epidemics were very weak during 2020, and even disappeared in some places [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Distancing, Lockdown and the Wide Use of Mask; A Magic Solution or a Double-Edged Sword for Respiratory Viruses Epidemiology?

et al. 2021

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The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, lockdowns and the massive use of masks, have not only largely prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also of other respiratory viruses such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This decrease has been so high that, in most countries, the influenza and RSV epidemic has not occurred. Far from being a beneficial fact, this can be problematic, since the absence of circulation of certain pathogens can lead to a decrease in herd immunity against them. This can promote the rise of more serious, longer-lasting epidemics that start sooner. To alleviate the collateral effects that may occur due to the decrease in circulation of viruses such as influenza, it is necessary to increase the production of influenza vaccines, carry out mass vaccination campaigns and focus on vaccinating the main drivers of this virus, children.

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COVID-19 and Infant Hospitalizations for Seasonal Respiratory Virus Infections, New Zealand, 2020

Cited by 69 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of Coronavirus 2019 Disease Control Measures on the Incidence of Respiratory Infectious Disease and Air Pollutant Concentrations in Yangtze River Delta Region, China

The Effect of Coronavirus 2019 Disease Control Measures on the Incidence of Respiratory Infectious Disease and Air Pollutant Concentrations in Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Shifts in the epidemic season of human respiratory syncytial virus associated with inbound overseas travelers and meteorological conditions in Japan, 2014–2017: An ecological study

Social Distancing, Lockdown and the Wide Use of Mask; A Magic Solution or a Double-Edged Sword for Respiratory Viruses Epidemiology?

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