COVID-19 and Indigenous health in the Brazilian Amazon

Wichmann, Bruno; Wichmann, Roberta

doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105962

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The results show that, after controlling for six important determinants of ICU outcomes (see below), spillover mortality risk peaked at approximately 3% just before epidemiological week 60 (April 16, 2021–April 22, 2021). This means that, holding constant: health demand factors from socioeconomic local conditions of the residence of patients 16 – 18 , health supply factors associated with hospital fixed characteristics 19 , common shocks across the system 20 , 21 , the reason for ICU hospitalization (diagnosis) 22 , 23 , time-varying (non-linear) sex and ages effects 24 , and time-varying hospital capacity (number of ICU patients) 25 , the mortality risk of a non-COVID-19 patient receiving intensive care during the 60th epidemiological week is three percentage points higher than baseline mortality, i.e. the mortality of the proxy patient (as per controls above) had the patient been hospitalized in a hospital-week with no COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While administrative medical records offer detailed health-related information, typically this type of data lack variables that describe socioeconomic determinants of health such as income and education. This poses a challenge for studies that use administrative records because the strength of the local COVID-19 epidemic is correlated with low socioeconomic status 16 . In fact, pandemics are particularly challenging precisely because they exploit pre-existing inequalities in health care systems 17 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Big data evidence of the impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations on mortality rates of non-COVID-19 critically ill patients

Wichmann,

Moreira Wichmann

2023

Sci Rep

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The COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic leading to a swift policy response. While this response was designed to prevent the spread of the virus and support those with COVID-19, there is growing evidence regarding measurable impacts on non-COVID-19 patients. The paper uses a large dataset from administrative records of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) to estimate pandemic spillover effects in critically ill health care delivery, i.e. the additional mortality risk that COVID-19 ICU hospitalizations generate on non-COVID-19 patients receiving intensive care. The data contain the universe of ICU hospitalizations in SUS from February 26, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Spillover estimates are obtained from high-dimensional fixed effects regression models that control for a number of unobservable confounders. Our findings indicate that, on average, the pandemic increased the mortality risk of non-COVID-19 ICU patients by 1.296 percentage points, 95% CI 1.145–1.448. The spillover mortality risk is larger for non-COVID patients receiving intensive care due to diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and infectious and parasitic diseases. As of July 2023, the WHO reports more than 6.9 million global deaths due to COVID-19 infection. However, our estimates of spillover effects suggest that the pandemic’s total death toll is much higher.

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