COVID-19 and Hypertension: The What, the Why, and the How

Muhamad, Shah-Abas; Ugusman, Azizah; Kumar, Jaya; Skiba, Dominik; Hamid, Adila A.; Aminuddin, Amilia

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.665064

Cited by 63 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The persistent elevated systemic blood pressure causes premature aging and impairment of endothelium. The associated SARS-CoV-2 infection induces chronic inflammatory infiltration causing loss of homeostatic properties within the blood vessels [ 32 ]. The co-occurrence of NADH/NADPH oxidase in hypertensive COVID-19 patients accelerates the development of pulmonary damage-producing respiratory manifestations, as seen in our cohort study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

Umakanthan

Senthil

John³

et al. 2021

transl med commun

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Background To evaluate and determine the protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study conducted across five hospitals in India. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized with existing and valid medical documentation were included. Results This study comprised 3252 COVID-19 patients, of whom 1048 (32.2%) were on statins, with 52.4% being males. The comorbidity prevalence of hypertension was 75%, followed by diabetes 62.51% and coronary artery disease being 47.5%. At the time of hospitalization, statin users had a higher incidence of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue (95.8, 93.3, and 92.7%). The laboratory results revealed a lower mean of WBC count (7.8 × 103/μL), D-dimer (2.4 μg/mL), and C-reactive protein (103 mg/L) among statin users. They also had lower mortality rates (17.1%), a lesser requirement for mechanical ventilation (20%), and hemodialysis (5.4%). Conclusion This observation study elaborates on the beneficial effects of statins in COVID-19 patients. However, the inferences from this study should be viewed with caution due to the impending effect of confounding factors on its statistical results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

Umakanthan

Senthil

John³

et al. 2021

transl med commun

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“…[ 65 ] Based on these findings, the European Society of Cardiology and the International Society of Hypertension recommended continuation of using ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists in patients with COVID-19. [ 66 ] CCBs also improved prognosis of hypertensive patients with COVID-19. In a retrospective cohort study from 1078 COVID-19 patients, individuals using CCBs had lower mortality (1.95% vs. 5.85%) than non-CCBs group.…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies In Hypertensive Patients With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Hypertension in Patients with COVID-19: Implication of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Jia

Sowers

2021

Cardiology Plus

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The global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented, global public health crisis. Epidemiological studies showed that hypertension is a frequent comorbidity, as well as an independent prognostic risk factor in patients with COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and thus essential for viral entry into human cells. This review summarizes the recent findings of epidemiology of hypertension in COVID-19 patients and highlights the critical role of ACE2. We also review the impact of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and arterial stiffness in promoting hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 patients. This review also discusses therapeutic strategies for managing hypertension in patients with COVID-19, with particular emphasis on ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.

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“…Нарушения обоняния и вкуса отметили 85,6% и 88% пациентов соответственно, а обонятельная дисфункция была начальным симптомом у 12%. У 18% пациентов не было ринореи или заложенности носа, но в этой подгруппе у 80% была аносмия или гипосмия [23]. Дисгевзия и аносмия у 10% пациентов могут сохраняться в течение 6 месяцев и более после исчезновения других симптомов [4].…”

Section: неврологические осложнения связанные с Covid-19unclassified

“…[20], описаны пять пациентов с инсультом (в 4 случаях ишемическим), у которых на фоне тяжелого течения COVID-19 отмечалось повышение уровня D-димера, тромбоцитопения и полиорганная недостаточность. Предполагаемым механизмом патогенеза развития инсульта при COVID-19 является тот факт, что вирус SARS-CoV-2 связывается с рецепторами ангиотензин-превращающего фермента-2 на эндотелиальных клетках, вызывая повышение артериального давления [23], что наряду с наличием тромбоцитопении и нарушений свертываемости крови является фактором, который может способствовать увеличению риска как ишемического, так и геморрагического инсульта. Одновременно синдром «цитокинового шторма» может быть еще одним дополнительным фактором риска развития цереброваскулярных заболеваний.…”

Section: неврологические осложнения связанные с Covid-19unclassified

Neurological disorders in patients with long COVID syndrome and cell therapy methods for their correction a literature review

Долгополов

Менткевич

Rykov

et al. 2021

jour

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The review presents the current understanding of the incidence and nature of neurological disorders in patients with the so-called long COVID syndrome. Symptoms, putative pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, search for methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients using the patient's own hematopoietic cells are discussed. A search was carried out for scientific articles, including those published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and RSCI. The inclusion of stem cells (SC) in rehabilitation programs for patients with various injuries and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising area of research. The mechanisms of CNS damage therapy based on the use of adult-type pluripotent stem cells, including CD34+, consist of many aspects. On the background of SC transplantation, damaged nerve cells and surrounding tissues, including neurons and glial cells, can be restored, which helps to ensure the integrity of the nerve conduction pathway and, thus, restore nerve function. SC therapy can suppress genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis, as well as activate genes with neuroprotective action, thereby protecting spinal neurons from secondary damage. This line of cell therapy can be used to treat long COVID syndrome.

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COVID-19 and Hypertension: The What, the Why, and the How

Cited by 63 publications

References 101 publications

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

The protective role of statins in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective observational study

Management of Hypertension in Patients with COVID-19: Implication of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Neurological disorders in patients with long COVID syndrome and cell therapy methods for their correction a literature review

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