COVID-19 and healthcare system in China: challenges and progression for a sustainable future

Sun, Shuangyi; Xie, Zhen; Yu, Keting; Jiang, Bingqian; Si-wei, Zheng; Pan, Xiaoting

doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00665-9

Cited by 134 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), prolonged exposure to patients, and inadequate knowledge of the disease transmission among the healthcare providers may have increased such incidents (49,50). Increased awareness of self-protection, adequate supplies of PPE, and a prompt response may aid in decreased susceptibility of infection among healthcare workers (46,51,52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study in Pakistan

Ahmad

Beg

Majeed

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The emergence of a pathogen responsible for a mysterious respiratory disease was identified in China and later called a novel coronavirus. This disease was named COVID-19. The present study seeks to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Pakistan. This report will exhibit a linkage between epidemiology and clinical aspects which in turn can be helpful to prevent the transmission of the virus in Pakistan. A retrospective, multiple center study was performed by collecting the data from patients' with their demographics, epidemiological status, history of co-morbid conditions, and clinical manifestations of the disease. The data was collected from 31 public-sector and 2 private hospitals across Pakistan by on-field healthcare workers. A Chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship between categorical data entries. A total of 194 medical records were examined. The median age of these patients was found to be 34 years. A total of 53.6% active cases were present including 41.2% males and 12.4% females till the end of the study. Adults accounted for most of the cases (94.3%) of COVID-19. Fever (86.60%), cough (85.05%), fatigue (36.60%), dyspnea (24.74%), and gastrointestinal discomfort (10.31%) were among the most frequently reported signs and symptoms by the patients. However, 4.12% of the total patient population remained asymptomatic. The median duration of hospital stay was found to be 14 (0–19) days. The earliest source of the spread of the virus may be linked to the foreigners traveling to Pakistan. Spread among men was more as compared to women. A few cases were found to be positive, due to the direct contact with pets or livestock. Hypertension (7.73%), diabetes (4.64%), cardiovascular conditions (2.58%) were the most common co-morbidities. The percentage mortality was 2.50% with the highest mortality among elders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study in Pakistan

Ahmad

Beg

Majeed

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…To highlight the significance of the presented concepts, we compared the proposed study results with five existing and closely related studies such as Sun et al [13], Chan et al [16], Kim et al [18], Wang et al [41], and Shin et al [93]. All these studies have provided the privacy related issues and emerging solutions for the ongoing pandemic.…”

Section: Prospects Of the Research In Privacy Area Tacking Into Accoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, identification and implementation of the privacy requirements of users and their incorporation in the design of systems/software is very challenging. Hence, the privacy protection in epidemic control measures has become the conceptual foundations of futures research and digital healthcare solutions [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Privacy Paradigm Shift Due to the Pandemic: A Brief Perspective

Majeed

Lee

2021

Inventions

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With the advent of the pandemic (e.g., novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), a tremendous amount of data about individuals are collected by the health authorities on daily basis for curbing the disease’s spread. The individuals’ data collection/processing at a massive scale for community well-being with the help of digital solutions (e.g., mobile apps for mobility and proximity analysis, contact tracing through credit card usage history, facial recognition through cameras, and crowd analysis using cellular networks data etc.) raise several privacy concerns. Furthermore, the privacy concerns that are arising mainly due to the fine-grained data collection has hindered the response to tackle this pandemic in many countries. Hence, acquiring/handling individuals data with privacy protection has become a vibrant area of research in these pandemic times. This paper explains the shift in privacy paradigm due to the pandemic (e.g., COVID-19) which involves more and detailed data collection about individuals including locations and demographics. We explain technical factors due to which the people’s privacy is at higher risk in the COVID-19 time. In addition, we discuss privacy concerns in different epidemic control measures (ECMs) (e.g., contact tracing, quarantine monitoring, and symptoms reporting etc.) employed by the health authorities to tackle this disease. Further, we provide an insight on the data management in the ECMs with privacy protection. Finally, the future prospects of the research in this area tacking into account the emerging technologies are discussed. Through this brief article, we aim to provide insights about the vulnerability to user’s privacy in pandemic times, likely privacy issues in different ECMs adopted by most countries around the world, how to preserve user’s privacy effectively in all phases of the ECMs considering relevant data in loop, and conceptual foundations of ECMs to fight with future pandemics in a privacy preserving manner.

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“…But the shortage of PPE was an indisputable fact in the early stage. In early March, State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China reported that more than 3,000 HCWs had been infected in hospitals (32). A quality study on doctors stated that doctors gave orders and didn't enter isolation wards when patients were kept stable, while the orders were implemented by nurses for direct contact with patients (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Psychological and Behavioral Responses of Infected and Uninfected Health-Care Workers During the Early COVID-19 Outbreak

Huang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Objective: Understanding gender differences in responses of health-care workers (HCWs) to COVID-19 outbreak is an effective way to promote customized supports.Methods: During February 2020, 103 HCWs infected with COVID-19 (64 females and 39 males) and 535 uninfected HCWs (383 females and 152 males) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Level of attention, six emotional status, and self-evaluation of eight protective measures were recorded. Multivariable Firth's logistic regressions were applied to explored independent effect of gender.Results: During early outbreak, female HCWs were more likely to give greater attention, adjusted OR:1.92 (95%CI 1.14–3.23) in total HCWs. Higher proportion of anxiety was observed in female HCWs, adjusted OR:3.14 (95%CI 1.98–4.99) for total HCWs, 4.32(95%CI 1.32–14.15) for infected HCWs and 2.97 (1.78, 4.95) for uninfected HCWs. Proportion of pessimism, fear, full of fighting spirit, and optimism were low, and no gender differences were observed. During a later outbreak, a majority of HCWs reported being very familiar with eight protective measures. After training, a proportion of high self-evaluation in hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and surgical masks increased independently in female HCWs, and adjusted ORs were 3.07 (95% CI 1.57–5.99), 2.37 (95% CI 1.26–4.49), and 1.92 (95% CI 1.02–3.62), respectively. Infection status amplified gender difference in anxiety, hand hygiene, and glove wearing.Conclusion: Female HCWs perceived the outbreak seriously, effective emotional and psychological well-ness should be targeted at female HCWs preferentially, and male HCWs should be encouraged to express their feelings and be further trained.

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COVID-19 and healthcare system in China: challenges and progression for a sustainable future

Cited by 134 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study in Pakistan

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study in Pakistan

Towards Privacy Paradigm Shift Due to the Pandemic: A Brief Perspective

Gender Differences in Psychological and Behavioral Responses of Infected and Uninfected Health-Care Workers During the Early COVID-19 Outbreak

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