COVID-19 and graft-versus-host disease: a tale of two diseases (and why age matters)

Murphy, Gëorge F.

doi:10.1038/s41374-020-00520-2

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Galimberti et al reported that COVID-19 is characterized by a cytokine storm and hyperactivation of the immune response, similar to that observed with acute GVHD, resulting in damage to various organs [ 15 ]. Murphy reported that in both acute GVHD and COVID-19, critical epithelial stem cell populations are preferentially targeted in the early phases of the disease [ 16 ]. Furthermore, both conditions are mediated, in part, by cytokines, with a cytokine storm playing an important role in further driving and amplifying the disease pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Gastrointestinal Disorders Due to COVID-19: A Case Series

Hagiwara¹,

Bunya²,

Harada³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily develop respiratory symptoms, which sometimes can be serious. Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death from COVID-19. This disease also causes gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, there are limited reports that severe GI disorders caused by COVID-19 can be fatal. Herein, we report three cases of fatal GI disorders caused by COVID-19. All patients developed severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) support. The respiratory status improved, and the patients could be weaned off support. However, severe watery diarrhea (over a few liters per day) developed after the onset of respiratory failure. The CT, endoscopic, and pathological findings were similar to those observed in GI graft-versus-host disease (GI-GVHD). Despite various efforts, the GI disorders did not improve, and all patients died of multiple organ failures associated with sepsis due to intestinal mucosal disruption. COVID-19 can cause fatal GI disorders and may have similar characteristics to GI-GVHD. Further investigation will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of fatal GI disorders due to COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Gastrointestinal Disorders Due to COVID-19: A Case Series

Hagiwara¹,

Bunya²,

Harada³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Concurrent endovasculitis has also been observed ( 123 ). In patients suffering from GVH disease, lung histological lesions are characterized by alveolar changes (intra-alveolar fibrin, organizing pneumonia, and chronic interstitial pneumonia), atypical pneumocytes, intra-epithelial bronchiolar T cells, and perivenular cuffing ( 124 – 127 ).…”

Section: Pathological Similarities Between Transplanted Patients and Covid-19 Patients: Tissues Injured With Picture Of Chronic Vascular mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclosporin A: A Repurposable Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19?

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now at the forefront of major health challenge faced globally, creating an urgent need for safe and efficient therapeutic strategies. Given the high attrition rates, high costs, and quite slow development of drug discovery, repurposing of known FDA-approved molecules is increasingly becoming an attractive issue in order to quickly find molecules capable of preventing and/or curing COVID-19 patients. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a common anti-rejection drug widely used in transplantation, has recently been shown to exhibit substantial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity and anti-COVID-19 effect. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of action of CsA in order to highlight why this molecule seems to be an interesting candidate for the therapeutic management of COVID-19 patients. We conclude that CsA could have at least three major targets in COVID-19 patients: (i) an anti-inflammatory effect reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, (ii) an antiviral effect preventing the formation of the viral RNA synthesis complex, and (iii) an effect on tissue damage and thrombosis by acting against the deleterious action of angiotensin II. Several preliminary CsA clinical trials performed on COVID-19 patients report lower incidence of death and suggest that this strategy should be investigated further in order to assess in which context the benefit/risk ratio of repurposing CsA as first-line therapy in COVID-19 is the most favorable.

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