COVID-19 and emerging spinal cord complications: A systematic review

Mondal, Ritwick; Deb, Suryyani; Shome, Gourav; Ganguly, Upasana; Lahiri, Durjoy; Benito‐León, Julián

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.102917

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…There have been cases of demyelinating diseases believed to be from COVID-19 [ 63 ] with accompanying sensory and motor deficits, ataxia and autonomic dysfunction. Involvement of the brain and spinal cord have been reported, including long extensive transverse myelitis [ 64 ].…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic dysfunction in SARS-COV-2 infection acute and long-term implications COVID-19 editor’s page series

Becker

2021

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a complex network of nerves originating in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, heart and extracardiac organs that regulates neural and physiological responses to internal and external environments and conditions. A common observation among patients with the 2019 Coronavirus (CoV) (SARS-severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2) (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 [ CO for corona, VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019)] in the acute and chronic phases of the disease is tachycardia, labile blood pressure, muscular fatigue and shortness of breath. Because abnormalities in the ANS can contribute to each of these symptoms, herein a review of autonomic dysfunction in SARS-COV-2 infection is provided to guide diagnostic testing, patient care and research initiatives. Graphic abstract The autonomic nervous system is a complex network of nerves originating in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, heart and extracardiac organs that regulates neural and physiological responses to internal and external environments and conditions. A common collection of signs and symptoms among patients with the 2019 Coronavirus (CoV) (SARS-severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2) (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 [ CO for corona, VI for virus, D for disease and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified (31 December 2019)] is tachycardia, labile blood pressure, muscular fatigue and shortness of breath. Abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can contribute to each of these identifiers, potentially offering a unifying pathobiology for acute, subacute and the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) and a target for intervention.

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Section: Anatomy Of the Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic dysfunction in SARS-COV-2 infection acute and long-term implications COVID-19 editor’s page series

Becker

2021

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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“…In the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, well-characterised life-threatening neurological syndromes may also occur i.e. stroke, Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [3,7,[11][12][13]. Symptoms that have so far received relatively little attention include various types of primary movement disorders present in COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune mediated hyperkinetic movement disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection — a systematic review

Hirschfeld

2021

Neurol Neurochir Pol.

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Introduction. Various neurological symptoms have been confirmed in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some of these are undoubtedly the aftermath of the developing inflammation and increased coagulation processes. However, there is also a group of symptoms that derive from possible autoimmune processes. These include primary hyperkinetic movement disorders such as myoclonus, ataxia, opsoclonus, and tremors. This study systematically reviews scientific reports presenting patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders as one of the neurological symptoms. Material and methods.The available literature was systematically reviewed as per the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The PubMed database was used in the range from 1 April, 2020, to 31 July, 2021.Results. The PubMed database search identified 102 cases of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed hyperkinetic movement disorders. After excluding patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (n = 46) and a few other cases (n = 7), a group of 49 non-intubated patients was obtained. The mean age of the patients was 57.92 years, and 75.51% of the patients were male. The most common hyperkinetic movement disorders were ataxia (83.67%), myoclonus (67.35%), and tremor (30.61%). Symptoms appeared on average within two weeks of the first symptoms of infection. Most patients had symptoms significantly reduced or withdrawn (67.44%) or early partial improvement (30.23%). Conclusions.Based on the meta-analysis, it can be concluded that hyperkinetic movement disorders in the course of SARS--CoV-2 infection are an early symptom with a potential autoimmune background. They have a good prognosis with the applied treatment. Further observations are needed to determine their frequency and the most effective methods of treatment.

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“…Numerous case reports, in addition to cohort studies, have emerged since the start of the pandemic and revealed various common neurological manifestations such as headache, anosmia, encephalopathy, coma and stroke ( 6 , 7 ). whereas Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) ( 8 ), peripheral nerve and muscle disease ( 4 ), transverse myelitis ( 9 ) encephalitis and seizures were less commonly associated with COVID-19 disease ( 10 – 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Common Neurological Presentations and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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Background: Neurological manifestations have increasingly become recognized in COVID-19. People from different ethnic backgrounds are experiencing different outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several cohort studies reported the common neurological manifestations and complications associated with COVID-19 disease around the world however, the prevalence of neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Arab countries and Saudi Arabia is still unknown.Objective: To study the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of the neurological complications associated with COVID-19 and their relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center, observational, cohort study of consecutive hospitalized adults COVID-19 patients with and without neurological manifestation admitted between March 2020 until the end of December 2020. Data was collected prospectively using electronic medical records; Cases and controls were observed until they either get discharged from the hospital or died. The primary outcomes were death, survival, and survival with sequalae.Results: Among 497 patients with COVID-19, 118 patients (23.7%) had neurological complications, 94 patients (18.9%) had encephalopathy, and 16 patients (3.2%) had cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Patients with COVID-19-related neurological complications were older and more likely to have a pre-existing neurological disease. The most common neurological syndrome associated with COVID-19 were encephalopathy (18.9%) and headache (13.7%). Pre-existing neurological disease and an elevated neutrophil count were the strongest predictors of developing any neurological complications. Death form COVID-19 was associated with age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10, P = 0.001), invasive ventilation (OR 37.12, 95% CI 13.36–103.14), COVID-19-related-neurological complications (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.28–8.21, P = 0.01), and elevated CRP level (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, P = 0.01).Conclusions: COVID-19 is associated with a wide range of neurological manifestations in people living in Saudi Arabia, with older individuals and those with underlying neurological disorders being most at risk. The presence of neurological complications was associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes.

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COVID-19 and emerging spinal cord complications: A systematic review

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Autonomic dysfunction in SARS-COV-2 infection acute and long-term implications COVID-19 editor’s page series

Autonomic dysfunction in SARS-COV-2 infection acute and long-term implications COVID-19 editor’s page series

Autoimmune mediated hyperkinetic movement disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection — a systematic review

The Common Neurological Presentations and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Saudi Arabia

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