COVID-19 and Digestive System in Children: A Retrospective Study

Dooki, Mohammadreza Esmaeili; Mehrabani, Sanaz; Sorkhi, Hadi; Nikpour, Maryam; Tabatabaie, Mohamadreza; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Kiani, Masood

doi:10.34172/aim.2020.104

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Alkan et al [ 19 ] found that 130 (44.2%) of 294 patients (age range: 14 d-18 years) with COVID-19 had abnormal liver function and most patients (33.3%) were characterized by elevated ALT, and other patients had elevated ALT (5.1%), ALP (6.6%), GGT (8.9%) and TBIL (3.8%). In addition, decreased albumin was also observed by Esmaeili et al [ 20 ] and Liu et al [ 21 ]. In their studies, the proportion of decreased albumin in pediatric patients was 16.7%[ 20 ] and 18.2%[ 21 ], respectively.…”

Section: Features Of Crli In Childrensupporting

confidence: 61%

COVID-19 and liver dysfunction in children: Current views and new hypotheses

Yun¹,

Feng²,

Zhang³

2023

World J Hepatol

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an extremely serious global impact on public healthcare for individuals of all ages, including children. Increasing evidence has shown that liver abnormalities are commonly found in children with COVID-19, and age-related features in innate and adaptive response have been demonstrated. However, there are few reports and studies on COVID-19 related liver injury in children, and the data are scattered. So that many contradictions have arose. This situation is not only due to the serious ethical issues in studying pediatric patients with COVID-19, but also because of the short duration and wide coverage of the COVID-19 epidemic, the severity and complexity of clinical cases varied, as did the inclusion criteria for case reporting and patient outcomes. Therefore, we totaled the incidences, characteristics and pathomechanism of liver injury in children since the COVID-19 outbreak. The etiology of COVID-19-related liver injury is divided into three categories: (1) The direct mechanism involves severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the liver or bile duct to exert direct toxicity; (2) the indirect mechanisms include an inflammatory immune response and hypoxia; and (3) COVID-19-related treatments, such as mechanical ventilation and antiviral drugs, may cause liver injury. In summary, this minireview provides fundamental insights into COVID-19 and liver dysfunction in children.

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Section: Features Of Crli In Childrensupporting

confidence: 61%

COVID-19 and liver dysfunction in children: Current views and new hypotheses

Yun¹,

Feng²,

Zhang³

2023

World J Hepatol

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“…In ours, more than half of the study population had an LDH above 500 and less than a tenth had it above 1000. Furthermore 37.17% and 15.03% had abnormal AST and ALT in that order; while in Esmaeili et al's retrospective study, 27.8% and 38.9% of cases showed abnormally high ALT and AST levels, respectively [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iranian Pediatric COVID-19 Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics

Armin

Mirkarimi

Pourmoghaddas

et al. 2021

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Despite the worldwide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), information about the epidemiological and clinical patterns of this infection is still largely unknown in children. In addition, the prevalence of this disease is still very high in some parts of the world, including Iran. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological features, laboratory and imaging findings, and the type of treatments in children with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Method. This study is conducted from March 2020–March 2021 by using the medical records of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 children younger than 18 years in five cities of Iran: Tehran, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Bandar-Abbas, and Khorramabad. In addition to demographic and epidemiological data, we also studied clinical signs and treatments. Results. In total 278 confirmed COVID-19 children, the average age was 5.3 years, and 59.4%were boys. A total of 37.8% had an underlying disease, in which the most common was a malignancy. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. In this group of pediatrics, some abnormal laboratory findings have been seen. GGO (Ground-Glass Opacity) had been diagnosed in 58.6% of children. 3.6% needed oxygen therapy with ventilators, and 83.09% had received antibiotic treatments with the majority of ceftriaxone. Also, 10% had got steroids. In this study, the mortality rate was 4.3%. Conclusion. In this study, most of the children who died had an underlying disease, so timely care and action is important in them. Most children admitted to our study received antibiotics and were prescribed antivirals and steroids for a smaller number. Also, a small number of children received oxygen therapy, most of whom were in the age group of 1 to 5 years.

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“…In COVID-19 children, compared to those admitted to the general ward, ICU patients had more acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and acute cardiac injury as complications ( Fahimzad et al, 2021 ). The mortality rate appears to be low in infected children of Iran ( Hosseninasab et al, 2020 ; Armin et al, 2021 ; Hoseinyazdi et al, 2021 ; Mamishi et al, 2021 ; Pourakbari et al, 2021 ), ranging from 0 death ( Esmaeili Dooki et al, 2020 ; Soleimani et al, 2021 ) to 11% ( Mahmoudi et al, 2020 ; Mamishi et al, 2020 ; Armin et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, in one study the mortality rate was 20%, however, this was in children with underlying malignancies, namely acute lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemia ( Navaeian et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of COVID-19 in the middle eastern population, knowns and unknowns

Dandachi

Aljabr

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Since its emergence in China in 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected all countries worldwide. The virus is easily transmitted from one person to another via infected aerosols or contaminated surfaces. Unlike its counterparts, the prognosis of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical disease or death. Several factors play a role in determining the severity of the disease in infected patients. Among others, is the pre-existence of an underlying medical condition such as diabetes, cancer, and others. Furthermore, although children are less prone to the severe form of the COVID-19 disease, they require attention due to the report of many atypical presentations of the infection, post-asymptomatic exposure. In the Middle East, little is known about the prognosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk categories, notably patients with diabetes, cancer, and pregnant women. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about this group of population in the middle eastern region as well as to highlight the gap in the literature. We have found that the majority of the papers were from the Gulf countries. Although, few studies were conducted; high-risk patients appear to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 compared to their counterparts. Higher levels of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-dimer, and ferritin levels were also observed. Children are often asymptomatic or present with atypical presentations. More studies should be conducted to determine the clinical biomarkers of COVID-19 in high-risk categories to help in patient risk stratification and management in the middle eastern population.

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COVID-19 and Digestive System in Children: A Retrospective Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

COVID-19 and liver dysfunction in children: Current views and new hypotheses

COVID-19 and liver dysfunction in children: Current views and new hypotheses

Iranian Pediatric COVID-19 Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics

Prognosis of COVID-19 in the middle eastern population, knowns and unknowns

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