COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations

Shu, Hongyang; Wen, Zheng; Li, Na; Zhang, Zixuan; Ceesay, Bala Musa; Peng, Yizhong; Zhou, Ning; Wang, Dao Wen

doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0314

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Notably, regardless of the severity of the acute myocardial injury, the cardiac function of most patients returned to normal if they survived; our review showed that 85.5% of the patients recovered to a normal cardiac function. In previous reports of acute cardiac injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 89% of the patients presented a LVEF of approximately 67%, while 26% developed myocarditis-like scars [ 114 ]. The long-term effect of such cardiac injury data is still unknown, and waiting for the follow-up data is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Myocarditis with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review from the Case Studies

Ono,

Iwahana,

Aoki

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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One of the severe complications of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is myocarditis. However, the characteristics of fulminant myocarditis with SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear. We systematically reviewed the previously reported cases of fulminant myocarditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2020 to December 2022, identifying 108 cases. Of those, 67 were male and 41 female. The average age was 34.8 years; 30 patients (27.8%) were ≤20 years old, whereas 10 (9.3%) were ≥60. Major comorbidities included hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, asthma, heart disease, gynecologic disease, hyperlipidemia, and connective tissue disorders. Regarding left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at admission, 93% of the patients with fulminant myocarditis were classified as having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%). Most of the cases were administered catecholamines (97.8%), and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was required in 67 cases (62.0%). The type of MCS was extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 56, 83.6%), percutaneous ventricular assist device (Impella®) (n = 19, 28.4%), intra-aortic balloon pumping (n = 12, 12.9%), or right ventricular assist device (n = 2, 3.0%); combination of these devices occurred in 20 cases (29.9%). The average duration of MCS was 7.7 ± 3.8 days. Of the 76 surviving patients whose cardiac function was available for follow-up, 65 (85.5%) recovered normally. The overall mortality rate was 22.4%, and the recovery rate was 77.6% (alive: 83 patients, dead: 24 patients; outcome not described: 1 patient).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Myocarditis with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review from the Case Studies

Ono,

Iwahana,

Aoki

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Endothelial cells may be damaged by systemic processes, including reactive immune and inflammatory cytokine-mediated responses induced by COVID-19. This cytokine storm is discussed in the following section [ 17 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Covid-19 In Impacting the Cardiovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Disease—Risks, Prevention and Management: Heart at Risk Due to COVID-19

Kemerley,

Gupta,

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2024

CIMB

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The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have had devastating and lasting impact on the global population. Although the main target of the disease is the respiratory tract, clinical outcomes, and research have also shown significant effects of infection on other organ systems. Of interest in this review is the effect of the virus on the cardiovascular system. Complications, including hyperinflammatory syndrome, myocarditis, and cardiac failure, have been documented in the context of COVID-19 infection. These complications ultimately contribute to worse patient outcomes, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly and interestingly, reports have demonstrated that COVID-19 also causes myocardial injury in adults without pre-existing conditions and contributes to systemic complications in pediatric populations, such as the development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although there is still a debate over the exact mechanisms by which such complications arise, understanding the potential paths by which the virus can influence the cardiovascular system to create an inflammatory environment may clarify how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human physiology. In addition to describing the mechanisms of disease propagation and patient presentation, this review discusses the diagnostic findings and treatment strategies and the evolution of management for patients presenting with cardiovascular complications, focusing on disease treatment and prevention.

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“…Furthermore, the article [12] summarizes the mechanisms through which COVID-19 can affect CVD, including the impact on endothelial cells and inflammation, which can increase the risk for atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular events. Additionally, a review study [15] was conducted to demonstrate the connection between COVID-19 and CVD. This study provides a detailed examination of the impact of COVID-19 on different cells in myocardial tissue and offers an overview of the clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement in the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering its importance in cardiovascular disease, a population-based study showed that higher ACE2 plasma levels are associated with a greater risk of severe cardiovascular disease [20]. COVID-19 has been found to increase the risk of cardiogenic shock [21,22], cardiac arrhythmias [23,24], acute myocardial injury [25,26] and sometimes sudden death in patients with cardiovascular disease [15,27,28], and at the same time, patients with cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COVID-19: Comprehensive Analysis of Key Topics

Markovič,

Ternar,

Trstenjak

et al. 2024

Interact J Med Res

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Background:The interrelation between COVID-19 and various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders has been a critical area of study. There is a growing need to understand how comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders affect the risk and severity of COVID-19. Objective:The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The focus is on comorbidity, examining the role of cardiovascular diseases such as embolism, thrombosis, hypertension, and heart failure, as well as metabolic disorders like glucose and iron metabolism disorders. Methods:Our study involved a systematic search in PubMed for literature published from 2000 to 2022. We established two databases: one for COVID-19-related articles and another for CVD-related articles, ensuring all were peer-reviewed. In terms of data analysis, statistical methods were applied to compare the frequency and relevance of MeSH terms between the two databases. This involved analyzing the differences and ratios in the usage of these terms and employing statistical tests to determine their significance in relation to key CVDs within the COVID-19 research context. Results:The study revealed that "cardiovascular diseases" and "nutritional and metabolic diseases" were highly relevant LV1 MeSH descriptors in COVID-19 comorbidity research. Detailed analysis at LV2 and LV3 levels showed "vascular disease" and "heart disease" as prominent descriptors under cardiovascular diseases. Significantly, "glucose metabolism disorders" were frequently associated with COVID-19 comorbidities such as embolism, thrombosis, and heart failure. Furthermore, iron deficiency (ID) was notably different in its occurrence between COVID-19 and CVD articles, underlining its significance in the context of COVID-19 comorbidities. Statistical analysis underscored these differences, highlighting the importance of both glucose and iron metabolism disorders in COVID-19 research.Conclusions: This work lays the foundation for future research using a knowledge-based approach to elucidate the intricate relationships between these conditions, with the aim of developing more effective healthcare strategies and interventions in the face of ongoing pandemic challenges.

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COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations

Cited by 9 publications

References 176 publications

Fulminant Myocarditis with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review from the Case Studies

Fulminant Myocarditis with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review from the Case Studies

COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Disease—Risks, Prevention and Management: Heart at Risk Due to COVID-19

Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COVID-19: Comprehensive Analysis of Key Topics

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