Covid-19 and autoimmunity

Ehrenfeld, Michael; Tincani, Anǵela; Andréoli, Laura; Cattalini, Marco; Greenbaum, Assaf; Kanduc, Darja; Alijotas‐Reig, Jaume; Zinserling, Vsevolod; Semenova, N. Yu.; Amital, Howard; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102597

Cited by 446 publications

(424 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Additionally, hyperactivation of pre-existing T cells can contribute to short-and long-term disease severity via inflammation and autoimmunity, as increased production of IFN-γ by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells has been observed in severe COVID-19 patients (Wang et al, 2020). Furthermore, it has been reported (Ehrenfeld et al, 2020) that SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a triggering factor for autoimmune reactions and severe pneumonia with sepsis leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bone-marrow affection with pancytopenia and organ-specific autoimmunity (Gagiannis et al, 2020;Henderson et al, 2020;Hersby et al, 2020). Importantly, pre-existing T cell immunity can influence vaccination outcomes, as they can induce a faster and better immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide mapping of CD8 T cell recognition reveals strong immunodominance and substantial CD8 T cell activation in COVID-19 patients

Saini

Tamhane

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To understand the CD8+ T cell immunity related to viral protection and disease severity in COVID-19, we evaluated the complete SARS-CoV-2 genome (3141 MHC-I binding peptides) to identify immunogenic T cell epitopes, and determine the level of CD8+ T cell involvement using DNA-barcoded peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers. COVID-19 patients showed strong T cell responses, with up to 25% of all CD8+ lymphocytes specific to SARS-CoV-2-derived immunodominant epitopes, derived from ORF1 (open reading frame 1), ORF3, and Nucleocapsid (N) protein. A strong signature of T cell activation was observed in COVID-19 patients, while no T cell activation was seen in the 'non-exposed' and 'high exposure risk' healthy donors. Interestingly, patients with severe disease displayed the largest T cell populations with a strong activation profile. These results will have important implications for understanding the T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how T cell immunity might influence disease development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide mapping of CD8 T cell recognition reveals strong immunodominance and substantial CD8 T cell activation in COVID-19 patients

Saini

Tamhane

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition to GBS and PIMS, case reports of other autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases also suggest that there might be associations between COVID-19 and adverse immunological outcomes, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and antiphospholipid syndrome, affecting haemostasis as well as increasing the risk of thrombosis [ 10 ].…”

Section: Narrative Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review

Leung

Chan

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

172

118

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of patients infected worldwide and indirectly affecting even more individuals through disruption of daily living. Long-term adverse outcomes have been reported with similar diseases from other coronaviruses, namely Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 adversely affects different systems in the human body. This review summarizes the current evidence on the short-term adverse health outcomes and assesses the risk of potential long-term adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Major adverse outcomes were found to affect different body systems: immune system (including but not limited to Guillain-Barré syndrome and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome), respiratory system (lung fibrosis and pulmonary thromboembolism), cardiovascular system (cardiomyopathy and coagulopathy), neurological system (sensory dysfunction and stroke), as well as cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations, impaired hepatic and renal function. Mental health in patients with COVID-19 was also found to be adversely affected. The burden of caring for COVID-19 survivors is likely to be huge. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to develop comprehensive strategies in providing resources and capacity in the healthcare system. Future epidemiological studies are needed to further investigate the long-term impact on COVID-19 survivors.

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“…Our group and colleagues have comprehensively investigating and reporting the association between various common pathogenic viruses such as: Parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes virus-6, HTLV-1, Hepatitis A and C virus, and Rubella virus, with the development of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [ [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ]. In light with this observations, we recently review the appearance of autoimmune diseases/disorders reported to be triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 34 ] ( Table 1 ). Autoimmune disorders such as: Guillain-Barré syndrome [ 35 , 36 ], Miler Fisher Syndrome (MFS) [ 37 ], Antiphospholipid syndrome [ 14 ], Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura [ 38 , 39 ], systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [ 40 ] and Kawasaki disease [ 41 , 42 ] – have been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection.…”

Section: The Development Of Autoimmune Diseases Secondary To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus

Halpert

Shoenfeld

2020

Autoimmunity Reviews

Self Cite

151

108

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Covid-19 and autoimmunity

Cited by 446 publications

References 128 publications

SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide mapping of CD8 T cell recognition reveals strong immunodominance and substantial CD8 T cell activation in COVID-19 patients

SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide mapping of CD8 T cell recognition reveals strong immunodominance and substantial CD8 T cell activation in COVID-19 patients

Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review

SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus

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