COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran

Gilani, Sapideh; Roditi, Rachel E.; Naraghi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109757

Cited by 83 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The damage SARS-CoV-2 in icts on taste and smell must be different from that of other viruses, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown. Gilani et al [7] hypothesized that the mechanism of injury is similar to that of other coronaviruses infections that cause central and peripheral neurologic de cits, but we agree with Vaira et al [8] when they suggest that, given the high rate of rapid recovery, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the OD is not related to de nitive damage from the virus to the neuronal cells, and a damage to other cell types appears more likely. In case of SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia, magnetic resonance imaging of the olfactory bulb did not show abnormal ndings regarding its volume or signal intensity [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Meini

Suardi

Busoni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose. COVID-19 displays a variety of clinical manifestations; in pauci-symptomatic patients olfactory (OD) and gustatory dysfunctions (GD) may represent the first or only symptom. To date, literature addressing these disorders is scarce. Aim of this study is to investigate the timing of recovery from OD and GD in a real-life COVID-19 population.Methods. We followed up by a phone interview the first 100 patients discharged a month earlier from three Italian non-intensive care wards.Results. All patients were Caucasian, mean age was 65 years, 60% were males. OD and GD were early symptoms reported by 29% and 41% of patients, respectively. Among the 42 symptomatic patients, the male/female ratio was 2:1; 83% reported an almost resolved dysfunction at follow-up. The recovery rate was not significantly different between males and females. The mean duration of OD and GD was 18 and 16 days, respectively. The mean recovery time from OD or GD resulted significantly longer for females than for males (26 vs 14 days, p=0.009). Among the 42 symptomatic, the mean age of males was significantly higher than that of females (66 vs 57 years, p=0.04), while the opposite was observed in the 58 asymptomatic patients (60 vs 73 years, p=0.0018).Conclusions. Recovery from OD or GD was rapid, occurring within 4 weeks in most patients. Chemosensory dysfunctions in women was less frequent, but longer lasting. The value of our study is its focus on a significantly older population than those previously described, and to add further data on gender differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Meini

Suardi

Busoni

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The included studies consist of a variety of study designs -cross-sectional (n = 22) (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41); case-control (n = 3) (42-44); casereport and case series (n = 3) studies (45)(46)(47). Two categories of the MMAT were employed based on the study design to examine the methodological quality of these studies; quantitative non-randomized category for cross-sectional and case-control studies and quantitative descriptive category for case-report and case series ones.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common method was the self-report. Self-report could be done through different ways: an online questionnaire (12,19,27,30,34,37), non-online questionnaire (18,32,35,39,43,44), online checklist (17), the COVID RADAR Symptom Tracker app (16), visual analogue scale (VAS) (25), archived medical records (40,41), or verbally (45,46). Four studies (28,29,31,33) did not report how to measure, just extracted from medical records.…”

Section: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 28 eligible studies, 22 reported the prevalence of the olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients, ve studies described the olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients with SLS (26,27,(45)(46)(47) and one study ecologically assessed the correlation between the number of subjects with olfactory dysfunction and the number of con rmed COVID-19 patients in all provinces of Iran (17). They were different in design and settings.…”

Section: Epidemiological Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Esmaeili

Abdi

Shafiee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEvidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. MethodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method.ResultsAmong 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.

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“…After that, there have been an increment in the scienti c studies from various parts of the world about the signi cant increase in the cases number presenting with loss of smell alone. Gilani et al from Iran reported 8 patients with anosmia, 5 of them were con rmed cases of COVID-19, and the remaining 3 cases were not tested owing to the shortage of testing kits in the pandemic period [7]. An European multicenter study concluded that olfactory (85.6%) and gustatory (88%) abnormalities are prevalent symptoms in European con rmed COVID-19 cases, who may not have other nasal complaints [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar

Al-Ani

Acharya

2020

Preprint

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Background: Loss of smell and taste are common complaints in patients with the COVID-19 disease. These symptoms may present alone or with other symptoms. It is of utmost importance to know their rates of occurrence for better controlling of the infection. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in individuals with COVID-19 in Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar.Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar. The study covered the two-month period -May and June 2020. The proven cases of COVID-19 by real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were enrolled in the study. Data regarding the age, gender, symptomatology including anosmia and ageusia, history of recent travel, smoking, past history of nasal and paranasal diseases (NPND), and severity of the disease were taken from the patients’ records. IBM- SPSS version 22 statistical software was used for the analysis of the data.Results: Out of 141, 35 (24.82%) subject presented with anosmia, ageusia or both. Most of the patients were from age group >30 year (n=104, 73.76%) with nearly equal gender. The majority of the individuals were without history of recent travel (92.2%) and smoking (80.14%). Three-quarters of the patients were asymptomatic, and 51.06% with a past history of NPND. The male sex, history of recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were positive, highly significant association with anosmia or ageusia. All patients returned to their normal smell and taste sensations within a mean duration of 6.89 days.Conclusion: Loss of taste and smell were common symptomatology of COVID-19 disease. The males, recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were risk factors of the anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 cases.

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COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran

Cited by 83 publications

References 11 publications

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions In 100 Patients Hospitalized For Covid-19: Sex Differences and Recovery Time In Real-Life

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar

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