COVID-19: An Aerosol’s Point of View from Expiration to Transmission to Viral-mechanism

Hsiao, Tzu-Chien; Chuang, Hsiao Chi; Griffith, Stephen M.; Chen, Shui Jen; Young, Li-Hao

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.04.0154

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…34 ‡ In some aerosol science literature, what we call 'aerosols' here are called 'droplet nuclei', and both droplets and droplet nuclei are known as aerosols. 40 § However, this and similar studies involve nebulising virions using Newtonian aqueous solutions and therefore do not reproduce the mucoidal ejecta from which real-life droplets are generated.…”

Section: Air-borne Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soft matter science and the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Air-borne Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soft matter science and the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SARS-CoV-2 is majorly transmitted from human-to-human via direct or indirect contact between people and with contaminated surfaces (Prather et al, 2020). It is clear that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is likely although many countries have not acknowledged this possibility (Tellier et al, 2019;Asadi et al, 2020;Hadei et al, 2020;Hsiao et al, 2020;Morawska and Cao, 2020;National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020;Prather et al, 2020;Setti et al, 2020;van Doremalen et al, 2020). Similarly, Paules et al (2020) recently pointed out that the airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 may also occur besides close distance contacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Role of Relative Humidity in Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Indoor Environments

Ahlawat

Wiedensohler

Mishra

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

152

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan, China and spread with an astonishing rate across the world. The transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are still debated, but recent evidence strongly suggests that COVID-19 could be transmitted via air in poorly ventilated places. Some studies also suggest the higher surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to SARS-CoV-1. It is also possible that small viral particles may enter into indoor environments from the various emission sources aided by environmental factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, temperature, thus representing a type of an aerosol transmission. Here, we explore the role of relative humidity in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in indoor environments based on recent studies around the world. Humidity affects both the evaporation kinematics and particle growth. In dry indoor places i.e., less humidity (< 40% RH), the chances of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are higher than that of humid places (i.e., > 90% RH). Based on earlier studies, a relative humidity of 40-60% was found to be optimal for human health in indoor places. Thus, it is extremely important to set a minimum relative humidity standard for indoor environments such as hospitals, offices and public transports for minimization of airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

“…Conventionally, infectious respiratory viruses are said to be transmitted mainly through contact with respiratory droplets (> 5 µm). However, evidence is mounting that the virus can be transmitted as fine particles (< 5 µm) (Chia et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020;Santarpia et al, 2020) present in aerosols formed when a SARS-CoV-2 infected person coughs, sneezes, breathes, or talks (Hsiao et al, 2020). If so, environmental aerosol sampling may help us better understand the transmission process as it allows collection of airborne particles containing SARS-CoV-2 as mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus from the Air of a Clinic within a University Student Health Care Center and Analyses of the Viral Genomic Sequence

Lednicky

Shankar

Elbadry

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The progression of COVID-19 worldwide can be tracked by identifying mutations within the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 that occur as a function of time. Such efforts currently rely on sequencing the genome of SARS-CoV-2 in patient specimens (direct sequencing) or of virus isolated from patient specimens in cell cultures. A pilot SARS-CoV-2 air sampling study conducted at a clinic within a university student health care center detected the virus vRNA, with an estimated concentration of 0.87 virus genomes L-1 air. To determine whether the virus detected was viable ('live'), attempts were made to isolate the virus in cell cultures. Virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed within two days post-inoculation of Vero E6 cells with collection media from air samples; however, rtRT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 vRNA from cell culture were negative. Instead, three other fast-growing human respiratory viruses were isolated and subsequently identified, illustrating the challenge in isolating SARS-CoV-2 when multiple viruses are present in a test sample. The complete SAR-CoV-2 genomic sequence was nevertheless determined by Sanger sequencing and most closely resembles SARS-CoV-2 genomes previously described in Georgia, USA. Results of this study illustrate the feasibility of tracking progression of the COVID-19 pandemic using environmental aerosol samples instead of human specimens. Collection of a positive sample from a distance more than 2 m away from the nearest patient traffic implies the virus was in an aerosol.

show abstract

COVID-19: An Aerosol’s Point of View from Expiration to Transmission to Viral-mechanism

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Soft matter science and the COVID-19 pandemic

Soft matter science and the COVID-19 pandemic

An Overview on the Role of Relative Humidity in Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Indoor Environments

Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus from the Air of a Clinic within a University Student Health Care Center and Analyses of the Viral Genomic Sequence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About