COVID-19 &amp; the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme of India

Behera, Digambar; Behera, Ranjan Kumar

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2763_20

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The highest Nic and Cot levels ( C Nic U = 6.4 μM and C Cot U = 20.3 μM) were found in urine V4 (30 pack-years, Figure ). The mean value for Nic and Cot among all smokers (mean C Nic U = 2.3 μM and mean C Cot U = 6.3 μM) was comparable to what has been reported by other techniquesHPLC , and LC/MS/MS …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Calibration curves were obtained via standard addition of Nic and Cot to a non-smoker’s urine at realistic concentrations before SPE-based sample preparation (Figure ). A limit of quantitation (LOQ; SNR 20) was established at 0.2 μM concentration in urine with a standard deviation of less than 11%, demonstrating acceptable repeatability. Notably, we observed tobacco-related signals at about 30 nM concentration (SNR 3) in a non-smoker, indicating passive Nic exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upper 1D trace recorded separately with the 1D SEPP sequence. 12 Analytical Chemistry 27,30 and LC/MS/MS. 31 To follow the elimination of Nic, volunteers were asked not to smoke for 2 weeks with no further restrictions on living habits (e.g., diet, physical activity, and social activity).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing Analytical Applications for Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization: Urinary Elimination Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

et al. 2021

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a valuable analytical tool with applications in a vast array of research fields from chemistry and biology to medicine and beyond. NMR is renowned for its straightforward data interpretation and quantitative properties, making it attractive for pharmacokinetic applications, where drug metabolism pathways, concentrations, and kinetics need to be evaluated. However, pharmacologically active compounds and their metabolites in biofluids often appear in minute concentrations, well below the detection limit of NMR. Herein, we demonstrate how parahydrogen hyperpolarization overcomes this sensitivity barrier, allowing us to detect mid-nanomolar concentrations of a drug and a drug metabolite in a biofluid matrix. The performance of the method is demonstrated by monitoring nicotine and cotinine urinary elimination, reflected by their concentrations in urine during the onset and withdrawal from nicotine consumption. An NMR limit of detection of 0.1 μM and a limit of quantitation of 0.7 μM is achieved in a practical pharmacokinetics scenario where precise quantitative and qualitative analysis is desired.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing Analytical Applications for Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization: Urinary Elimination Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

et al. 2021

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“…Alternatively, interventions implemented in India before and during the pandemic to support TB patients may be a reason why treatment outcomes in India did not worsen as much during the pandemic compared with other countries. Examples of these interventions include home delivery of TB medications, decentralized "drug refill facilities" in cities, involvement of commercial pharmacies in maintaining drug supplies, and the introduction of the 'TB Aarogya Sathi' app, a digital solution to enable direct interactions between TB patients and healthcare providers [34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data

de Villiers,

Osman,

Struchiner

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. In recent years, stringent measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have led to considerable disruptions of healthcare services for TB in many countries. The extent to which these measures have affected TB testing, treatment initiation and outcomes has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to estimate TB healthcare service disruptions occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India, and South Africa. We obtained country-level TB programme and laboratory data and used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series models to estimate healthcare service disruptions with respect to TB testing, treatment initiation, and treatment outcomes. We quantified disruptions as the percentage difference between TB indicator data observed during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with values for a hypothetical no-COVID scenario, predicted through forecasting of trends during a three-year pre-pandemic period. Annual estimates for 2020-2022 were derived from aggregated monthly data. We estimated that in 2020, the number of bacteriological tests conducted for TB diagnosis was 24.3% (95% uncertainty interval: 8.4%;36.6%) lower in Brazil, 27.8% (19.8;3 4.8%) lower in India, and 32.0% (28.9%;34.9%) lower in South Africa compared with values predicted for the no-COVID scenario. TB treatment initiations were 17.4% (13.9%;20.6%) lower than predicted in Brazil, 43.3% (39.8%;46.4%) in India, and 27.0% (15.2%;36.3%) in South Africa. Reductions in 2021 were less severe compared with 2020. The percentage deaths during TB treatment were 13.7% (8.1%; 19.7%) higher than predicted in Brazil, 1.7% (-8.9%;14.0%) in India and 21.8% (7.4%;39.2%) in South Africa. Our analysis suggests considerable disruptions of TB healthcare services occurred during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India, and South Africa, with at least partial recovery in the following years. Sustained efforts to mitigate the detrimental impact of COVID-19 on TB healthcare services are needed.

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“…An estimated 1.8 million people are affected by tuberculosis (TB) every year in India [ 1 ]. TB remains a major public health problem with significant burden for the health system [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on tuberculosis disease disclosure patterns and its associated factors: Findings from a prospective observational study in Chennai

Nagarajan

Muniyandi

Sellappan³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Disclosure of tuberculosis (TB) status by patients is a critical step in their treatment cascade of care. There is a lack of systematic assessment of TB disclosure patterns and its positive outcomes which happens dynamically over the disease period of individual patients with their family and wider social network relations. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in Chennai Corporation treatment units during 2019–2021. TB patients were recruited and followed-up from treatment initiation to completion. Information on disease disclosures made to different social members at different time points, and outcomes were collected and compared. Bivariate and multi variate analysis were used to identify the patients and contact characteristics predictive of TB disclosure status. Results A total of 466 TB patients were followed-up, who listed a total of 4039 family, extra familial and social network contacts of them. Maximum disclosures were made with family members (93%) and half of the relatives, occupational contacts and friendship contacts (44–58%) were disclosed within 15 days of treatment initiation. Incremental disclosures made during the 150–180 days of treatment were highest among neighbourhood contacts (12%), and was significantly different between treatment initiation and completion period. Middle aged TB patients (31 years and 46–55 years) were found less likely to disclose (AOR 0.56 and 0.46 respectively; p<0.05) and illiterates were found more likely to disclose their TB status (AOR 3.91; p<0.05). Post the disclosure, family contacts have mostly provided resource support (44.90%) and two third of all disclosed contacts have provided emotional support for TB patients (>71%). Conclusion Findings explain that family level disclosures were predominant and disclosures made to extra familial network contacts significantly increased during the latter part of treatment. Emotional support was predominantly received by TB patients from all their contacts post disclosure. Findings could inform in developing interventions to facilitate disclosure of disease status in a beneficial way for TB patients.

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COVID-19 & the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme of India

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Developing Analytical Applications for Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization: Urinary Elimination Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

Developing Analytical Applications for Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization: Urinary Elimination Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine

Tuberculosis healthcare service disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, India and South Africa: A model-based analysis of country-level data

A study on tuberculosis disease disclosure patterns and its associated factors: Findings from a prospective observational study in Chennai

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