Covert orientation of visual attention in Parkinson's disease: An impairment in the maintenance of attention

Wright, Margaret J.; Burns, Richard J.; Geffen, Gina; Geffen, L. B.

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90097-8

Cited by 167 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Importantly, our results clarified the role of attention in FoG and evidenced the specific role of divided-attention impairment in patients with FoG, which had not been possible with dual-task paradigms [9,15,21]. Indeed, dual-task paradigms involve the combined use of working memory and executive functions.…”

Section: Fog: a Failure Of Divided Attention?supporting

confidence: 52%

“…In view of the literature data [15][16][17][18][19], we could have expected to see extensive attentional failure in patients with FoG (caused by an increase in attentional cost as the task increased in complexity). In such a case, the RTs should have lengthened progressively from the simple RT to the go/no go choice RT, the focused-attention choice RT (with distractor inhibition), the divided-attention choice RT (with a need to take account of two attributes) and, lastly, the alternating choice RT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In particular, it is necessary to precisely determine the role of cognition in this gait disorder, with a view to better understanding the neural substrates and improving rehabilitation [13]. In this regard, different aspects of attention have been explored: regulation of external factors [14], orienting [15], focusing [16], set-shifting [16][17][18], conflict resolution [19], error monitoring [20] and maintaining/disengaging attention [21]. Nevertheless, the specific nature of impairments in the various attentional components has not been systematically assessed in PD patients with FoG, previous studies investigating either a specific component either using more complex tasks involving executive functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Attentional Disorders and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Tard

Delval

Duhamel

et al. 2015

JPD

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Background: Due to its high prevalence in dual-task paradigms, freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is thought to be associated with dysexecutive syndrome and attentional disorders. However, the role of specific attentional disorders in patients with freezing of gait is still unclear. Objective: Here, we sought to specifically determine which basic attentional modalities are impaired in patients with freezing of gait. Methods: Seventy-eight parkinsonian patients performed a computer-controlled reaction-time paradigm designed to measure the different attentional subcomponents, controlled for visuospatial processing and motor participation. Results: The freezer (n = 42) and non-freezer (n = 36) groups were matched for age, educational level, MMSE and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. There were no intergroup differences in simple reaction times, whereas choice reaction times were higher in the freezer group than in the non-freezer group for divided attention (p = 0.023). Conclusions: At equivalent levels of overall cognitive efficiency, freezer patients showed a greater slowdown than non-freezer patients with a specific impairment in divided attention.

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Section: Fog: a Failure Of Divided Attention?supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Attentional Disorders and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Tard

Delval

Duhamel

et al. 2015

JPD

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“…In contrast to the increased RT to invalid cues of AD patients, PD participants show reduced RTs to invalid cues (Wright, Burns, Geffen, & Geffen, 1990). This suggests that whereas AD patients exhibit an attention-shifting deficit, PD patients have a deficit in the maintenance of attention, leading to abnormally fast disengagement.…”

Section: Attention Shiftingmentioning

confidence: 92%

The apolipoprotein E gene, attention, and brain function.

Parasuraman¹,

Greenwood²,

Sunderland³

2002

Neuropsychology

108

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The ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is associated with alterations in brain function and is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in components of visuospatial attention with ApoE-ɛ4, aging, and AD are described. Healthy middle-aged adults without dementia who have the ApoE-ɛ4 gene show deficits in spatial attention and working memory that are qualitatively similar to those seen in clinically diagnosed AD patients. The findings support an association between ApoE polymorphism and specific components of visuospatial attention. Molecular mechanisms that may mediate the ApoE-attention link by modulating cholinergic neurotransmission to the posterior parietal cortex are discussed. Studies of attention and brain function in ApoE-ɛ4 carriers without dementia can advance knowledge of the genetics of visual attention, may enhance understanding of the preclinical phase of AD, and may lead to better methods for early AD detection.Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is an amino acid glycoprotein that is important in lipid storage, transport, and metabolism (Mahley, 1988). Although synthesized mainly in the liver, ApoE is also found in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including the brain. ApoE has long been of interest in medicine, but its importance in neuroscience increased dramatically with the identification of the ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene on chromosome 19 as a major risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older adults Strittmatter et al., 1993). This discovery led to a growing number of studies examining the role of the ApoE gene in normal brain function and cognition, as well as in disorders such as AD, brain injury, and stroke (Higgins, Large, Rupniak, & Barnes, 1997;Horsburgh, McCarron, White, & Nicol, 2000; J. D. Smith, 2000).Polymorphisms of the ApoE gene are associated with significant alterations in brain morphology (Plassman et al., 1997) and cognitive functioning, including attention (Greenwood, Sunderland, Friz, & Parasuraman, 2000) and memory (Bondi et al., 1995). Studies of ApoE may thus reveal information relevant to the genetics of attention and memory in normal individuals. At the same time, such studies may identify cognitive and neural changes that may be characteristic of preclinical stages of AD. In this article, we review the role of the ApoE gene in normal cognition and in the development of deficits indicative of early AD.Currently, no reliable methods exist for the early detection and treatment of AD. New techniques for preventing, slowing the progression of, and treating AD are being urgently sought. Such efforts would be aided considerably if AD could be detected prior to the clinical diagnosis of AD and before irreversible brain changes occur (Daffner & Scinto, 2000). Postmortem studies show that neuropathological changes occur decades before the onset of NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuropsychology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2006 January 25. Published in final edited form as:Neuropsychology. 2002 April ; ...

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“…PD patients have previously been reported to have impaired space-based inhibitory processes (e.g., Filoteo et al, 1997;Hsieh, Lee, Hwang, & Tsai, 1997;Wright, Burns, Geffen, & Geffen, 1990), in the presence of intact object-based inhibition (e.g., Possin, Cagigas, Strayer, & Filoteo, 2006). Unlike previous studies that had separately examined space-and object-based inhibitory processes in different PD patients, Possin, Filoteo, Song, and Salmon (2009) examined both processes in the same patients.…”

Section: Ior Effects Are Influenced By Object Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Successes and failures in producing attentional object-based cueing effects

Reppa

Schmidt

Leek

2011

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Over 30 years of research using Posner's spatial cueing paradigm has shown that selective attention operates on representations of spatial locations, leading to space-based theories of attention. Manipulations of stimuli and methods have shown this paradigm to be sensitive to several types of object-based representations-providing evidence for theories incorporating object-based attentional selection. This paper critically evaluates the evidence demanding object-based explanations that go beyond positing spatial representations alone, with an emphasis on identifying and interpreting successes and failures in obtaining object-based cueing effects. This overview of current evidence is used to generate hypotheses regarding critical factors in the emergence and influence of object representations-their generation, strength, and maintenance-in the modulation of objectbased facilitatory and inhibitory cueing effects.Keywords Selective attention . Object-based . Spacebased . Facilitation . IOR Many different experimental paradigms have been used to investigate the role of objects in visual selection (see Bichot, 1999, andScholl, 2001, for reviews). Through converging operations, strong evidence has emerged revealing that object-based representations can mediate attentional selection. Examples of such paradigms include studies of the attentional blink within and between objects (e. Mari-Beffa, Houghton, Estevez, & Fuentes, 2000;Tipper, Brehaut, & Driver, 1990), visual marking (e.g., Watson & Humphreys, 1998, visual search in multiple-object displays (e.g., Enns & Rensink, 1990;Goldsmith, 1998;Grossberg, Mingolla, & Ross, 1994;Rensink & Enns, 1995;Treisman, 1982;Wolfe & Bennett, 1997), and spatial cueing (e.g., Egly, Driver, & Rafal, 1994;Tipper, Driver, & Weaver, 1991). In each of these literatures, positing that attention operates on representations of objects has provided more thorough and satisfying explanations of data than would simply assuming that attention operates on spatial representations alone. The present review concentrates on evidence for claims of object-based selection from studies using the spatial cueing paradigm. Why spatial cueing?A key motivation for focusing on spatial cueing is that claims have emerged that object-based spatial cueing We gratefully acknowledge Janice J. Snyder for inspiring a comprehensive table-based approach to integrating research findings. This paper benefited greatly from the review process and we thank the editor and the reviewers for their contribution.

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Covert orientation of visual attention in Parkinson's disease: An impairment in the maintenance of attention

Cited by 167 publications

References 39 publications

Specific Attentional Disorders and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Specific Attentional Disorders and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

The apolipoprotein E gene, attention, and brain function.

Successes and failures in producing attentional object-based cueing effects

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