Covering young ‘Reed’ avocado trees with shading nets during winter alleviates cold stress and promotes vegetative growth

Chernoivanov, Simon; Neuberger, Itamar; Levy, Shay; Szenes, N.; Rubinovich, Lior

doi:10.17660/ejhs.2022/007

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the higher Fv/Fm values observed in trees covered with either of the shading nets compared with the control suggested a reduction in cold stress. A previous study showed similar results for young avocado 'Reed' trees covered with the same shading nets during cold winters, when temperatures were similar but above 0 C (Chernoivanov et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured soon before sunrise in complete darkness with a Flu-orPen FP100 portable fluorometer (Photon Systems Instruments, Drasov, Czech Republic) and Fv/Fm was calculated (Chernoivanov et al 2022). Measurements of at least 3 leaves of each of the experimental trees were performed during Feb 2019 and Feb 2020, after the swelling of inflorescence buds and before flowering.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, minimum winter temperatures may drop below 0 C (frosts) or approach, but remain higher than, 0 C (chilling events). Although frost can cause mild to severe visible damage to leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit, the consequences of chilling have been much less described because the plant tissues show almost no visible damage (Chernoivanov et al 2022). Chilling temperatures can cause photoinhibitory damage to photosystem 2 that can be quantified by measuring a decrease in the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additional studies showed that the Fv/Fm rate is a reliable quantitative indicator of cold stress damage (Rizza et al 2001). Shading nets can protect agricultural crops from harsh environments and cold damage (Chernoivanov et al 2022;Zait et al 2020). We hypothesized that covering avocado trees during the winter with high-density shading nets would reduce adverse effects of cold.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Covering Mature Avocado ‘Pinkerton’ Trees with High-density Shading Nets during Cold Winters on Microclimate, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Flowering, and Yield

Rubinovich,

Sofer-Arad,

Chernoivanov

et al. 2023

horts

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Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high commercial value and increasing global demand. Most avocado cultivars are vulnerable to cold climates, which may reduce yields and restrict their geographical expansion. This includes the green-skinned avocado cultivar Pinkerton, which accounts for 45% of the avocado cultivated in northeastern Israel. Shading nets can protect agricultural crops from cold environments. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of covering mature ‘Pinkerton’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter. Trees were covered with silver-colored 50% or 70% shading nets during three consecutive winters, and uncovered trees served as controls. Photosynthetically active radiation in plots covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was significantly lower than that for the control by 52% and 90%, respectively. The minimum air temperature was similar between treatments. The maximum air temperature was generally lower under the shading nets compared with that of the control. The ratios of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) measured in February 2019 and February 2020 were 0.72 and 0.8 for the control trees, 0.79 and 0.83 for the silver 50% trees, and 0.81 and 0.84 for the silver 70% trees, respectively. Flowering intensity of the net-covered trees was lower than that of the control by up to 42%. Interestingly, the 3-year average yield of trees covered with the silver 50% or 70% nets was insignificantly higher by 27% and 38%, respectively, compared with the control trees. These results suggest that the reduction of daytime solar irradiance in the winter by the shading nets may mitigate adverse effects of cold and increase yield. Additional long-term studies should examine the effects of shading nets and other shading strategies on different avocado cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Covering Mature Avocado ‘Pinkerton’ Trees with High-density Shading Nets during Cold Winters on Microclimate, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Flowering, and Yield

Rubinovich,

Sofer-Arad,

Chernoivanov

et al. 2023

horts

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“…Systems of permanent protection of the orchards, which have a more hybrid nature, such as shading nets or partial plastic covers, could be the most efficient solution to meet the mango growers' needs. Additionally, they can serve a double purpose, partially protecting the plants from cold temperatures and mechanical damage during winter [20,21] and reducing solar irradiation of fruits during summer to prevent sunburn [22][23][24]. Therefore, nets might be of great importance in the context of climate change, particularly in conditions of extreme events, such as in the case of hailstorms and heat waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shading Net and Partial Covering Plastic Film Do Not Affect Phenology, Photosynthetic Activity or Fruit Quality Traits of Kensington Pride Mango

Scuderi

Gugliuzza

Salvo

et al. 2022

Plants

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Mango cultivation in a protected environment is becoming widespread in the Mediterranean basin where the species has to face unfavorable weather conditions which do not occur in its native cultivation areas. Besides open-air cultivation, greenhouses—and other protection systems such as shading nets and partial covering of plastic films—have been tested recently. In this study, we focused on assessing the effect of a shading net, and a partially covering plastic film, on the development of “Kensington Pride” mango fruit skin-color, its final quality, and the plants’ photosynthetic activity. A new method of measuring mango skin-color on different sides of the fruit is proposed. No difference was observed with regard to the observed parameters between the plants cultivated under the two different protection systems and those growing in the open air. It can, therefore, be stated that such cultivation techniques do not alter the development of the mango fruit and its appearance, nor the plant’s photosynthetic activity.

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Covering young avocado ‘Hass’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter mitigates frost damage and improves tree performance

Lahak,

Alon,

Chen

et al. 2024

Trees

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Key message Covering young ‘Hass’ trees with Silver 60% shading nets during cold winters mitigates frost damage and improves tree performance, apparently through a mechanism other than increasing nighttime air temperature. Abstract Avocado is a commercially important subtropical evergreen fruit tree. Severe frost may damage foliage, floral buds, flowers and fruit, thereby reducing avocado crop yield and restricting its geographical distribution and expansion. Shading nets are frequently used to protect agricultural crops from climate-related damage. To determine their ability to mitigate frost damage, Silver 60% shading nets were deployed over young ‘Hass’ trees during two consecutive winters and uncovered trees served as controls. Freezing and chilling temperatures occurred in the experimental orchard during the winter of each year, from December to March, reaching − 2.49 ℃ in January 2022. In the control, 93% of the examined floral buds were severely damaged compared to 4% in the Silver 60% trees. Damage to young vegetative shoots was assessed at 4.35 out of 5 in the control compared to 0.5 out of 5 in the Silver 60% trees. In both years, minimum air temperatures under the Silver 60% shading nets were similar to those of the control. Leaf-level photosynthetic photon flux density was ~ 60% lower under the shading nets. In most measurements, CO2-assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll concentration in the leaves of the Silver 60% trees were higher than, or similar to the controls. Trunk diameter and flowering intensity of the Silver 60% trees were higher than for the control. These results indicate that covering young ‘Hass’ trees with Silver 60% shading nets during cold winters can mitigate frost damage and improve tree performance.

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Covering young ‘Reed’ avocado trees with shading nets during winter alleviates cold stress and promotes vegetative growth

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of Covering Mature Avocado ‘Pinkerton’ Trees with High-density Shading Nets during Cold Winters on Microclimate, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Flowering, and Yield

Effects of Covering Mature Avocado ‘Pinkerton’ Trees with High-density Shading Nets during Cold Winters on Microclimate, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Flowering, and Yield

Shading Net and Partial Covering Plastic Film Do Not Affect Phenology, Photosynthetic Activity or Fruit Quality Traits of Kensington Pride Mango

Covering young avocado ‘Hass’ trees with high-density shading nets during the winter mitigates frost damage and improves tree performance

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