COVER STORY Guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings—2003

Kohn, William G.; Harte, Jennifer A.; Malvitz, Dolores M.; Collins, Amy S.; Cleveland, Jennifer L.; Eklund, Kathy

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0019

Cited by 611 publications

(776 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such external reservoirs are also better suited for the introduction of biocides. This measure has been introduced by the CDC in dentistry for delivery of safe treatment water [22], although, there are working dental units that are fed directly from municipal water. Where biocides are used to control the contamination levels of the DUWL output water, their use is questioned for a number of reasons; it is considered that as a result of their activity biocides may encourage biofilm formation, introduce bacterial resistance and furthermore, are limited in their ability to control the diverse range of microbes associated with the DUWL heterogeneous biofilm community [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even a newly commissioned DUWL with anti-microbial coating on its internal surfaces, which is maintained according to the recommended daily decontamination protocols [12], will rapidly develop a microbial biofilm which is then sustained throughout the entire life of this clinical device. Health care providers accept that bacteria will always persist in the dental treatment water, but the emphasis now lies on reducing the microbial loading of the discharged water to meet the CDC recommend level of ≤ 500 colony forming units (cfu) of aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria/millilitre, for infection control in dental health care system (22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, the American Dental Association (ADA) has set its own heterotrophic bacterial load of ≤ 200 cfu/ml for water delivered from DUWLs [2], ADA also endorses the CDC recommendation that patient treatment water should be the same quality as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard of ≤ 500 cfu/ml [2,22]. The recommended standards for dentistry set by the Department of Health, in the UK, are of ≤ 200 cfu/ml [1,3,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommended standards for dentistry set by the Department of Health, in the UK, are of ≤ 200 cfu/ml [1,3,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

et al. 2015

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(2015) Risk assessment for the spread of Serratia marcescens within dental unit waterline systems using Vermamoeba vermiformis. Current Microbiology, 71 (4). pp. 434 442.It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from the work.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0872-0For more information about UCLan's research in this area go to http://www.uclan.ac.uk/researchgroups/ and search for . Conflict of interest disclosure statementAll named authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.2 Title: Risk assessment for the spread of Serratia marcescens within dental-unit waterline systems using Vermamoeba vermiformis Abstract:Vermamoeba vermiformis is associated with the biofilm ecology of dental-unit waterlines (DUWLs). This study investigated whether V. vermiformis is able to act as a vector for potentially pathogenic bacteria and so aid their dispersal within DUWL systems. Clinical dental water was initially examined for Legionella species by inoculating it onto Legionella selective-medium plates. The molecular identity/profile of the glassy colonies obtained indicated none of these isolates were Legionella species. During this work bacterial colonies were identified as a non-pigmented Serratia marcescens. As the water was from a clinical DUWL which had been treated with Alpron™ this prompted the question as to whether S. marcescens had developed resistance to the biocide. Exposure to Alpron™ indicated that this dental biocide was effective, under laboratory conditions, against S. marcescens at up to 1x10 8 colony forming units/millilitre (cfu/ml). V. vermiformis was cultured for eight weeks on cells of S. marcescens and Escherichia coli. Subsequent electron microscopy showed that V.vermiformis grew equally well on S. marcescens and E. coli (p = 0.0001). Failure to detect the presence of S.marcescens within the encysted amoebae suggests that V. vermiformis is unlikely to act as a vector supporting the growth of this newly isolated, nosocomial bacterium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommended standards for dentistry set by the Department of Health, in the UK, are of ≤ 200 cfu/ml [1,3,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

et al. 2015

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“…1 The contamination of surfaces of the dental operatory is of particular concern, as surfaces with viable organisms become potential reservoirs for infection. [2][3][4] Potentially pathogenic organisms could be transmitted from the patients' mouths or wounds to the fingers of dental staff, and then to any surfaces of the dental operatory including switches, hand pieces, light handles, and cabinets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via the surfaces of the dental operatory

Kurashina

Honda

2006

Br Dent J

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A pilot study of occupational exposure to pathogenic microorganisms through lip cosmetics among dental hygienists

Jung

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives In dental clinics, dental hygienists are exposed to aerosolized pathologic bacteria, which can be transmitted to the oral cavity via lip cosmetics. Accordingly, such contamination poses a consistent health risk among staffs. Our study examined the bacterial contamination of lip cosmetics used by dental hygienists while in a clinic setting. Methods Sixteen dental hygienists were surveyed regarding their job assignments and habits associated with lip cosmetic. Subsequently, microorganisms were analyzed in collected samples of the hygienists' lip cosmetics using colony‐forming unit (CFU) assays, 16s‐rDNA polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. Results Notably, 81.3% of the submitted lip cosmetic samples were contaminated, with bacterial CFUs ranging from undetectable to innumerable. Many samples (43.8%) exceeded the microbial limits of cosmetic contamination. Of the lip cosmetic used for more than 6 months, 60% exceeded the microbial limit. When wearing a mask every time, only one of the six samples exceeded the microbial limit. More frequent dental mask changing was associated with a lower likelihood that the cosmetic sample would exceed the microbial limit. No samples from hygienists who changed their masks four times a day exceeded the microbial limit, compared to 33.3% from hygienists who only changed the mask when it became wet. Most isolated bacteria were gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic, asporogenic, and opportunistically pathogenic, and the most prevalent species were Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus salivarius , and Staphylococcus epidermidis . Conclusion Our findings indicate that dental staff, including dental hygienists, should exercise more careful workplace habits, particularly with regard to infection control and cosmetic use.

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COVER STORY Guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings—2003

Cited by 611 publications

References 6 publications

Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

Risk Assessment for the Spread of Serratia marcescens Within Dental-Unit Waterline Systems Using Vermamoeba vermiformis

Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via the surfaces of the dental operatory

A pilot study of occupational exposure to pathogenic microorganisms through lip cosmetics among dental hygienists

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