Cover Image Preprocessing for More Reliable LSB Replacement Steganography

Shreelekshmi, R.; Wilscy, M.; Madhavan, C. E. Veni

doi:10.1109/icsap.2010.40

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is a sizable amount of data: for a 512x512 image, this amounts to a 300kB secret key that must be securely exchanged along with the image. A related approach was explored in [38] where half of the image LSBs are flipped after embedding so that SPA and RS tests are fooled into concluding that images are maximally embedded regardless of the true embedding rate. While indeed these tests are in error, it is not clear how this result safeguards the stego image since such a detection would likely arouse suspicion that the image was either fully LSB embedded or had at least been tampered with.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not the case with the most secure adaptive methods, which require relatively complex software routines, more computational time, and in many cases additional secret data for complete message extraction. Due to its continued relevance, there has been some effort in recent years to improve the security of LSB embedding against some of the more successful traditional attacks [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]. These efforts have primarily targeted the RS [2] and Sample Pairs analysis (SPA) [3], [4], and have generally sought to evade them by preserving the image statistics they target either by manipulating them prior to or after embedding, or via embedding strategies that preserve them in place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securing LSB embedding against structural steganalysis

Powell¹

2020

Preprint

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This work explores the extent to which LSB embedding can be made secure against structural steganalysis through a modification of cover image statistics prior to message embedding. Natural images possess symmetries that are expressed through approximately equal cardinalities of certain sets of ktuples of consecutive pixels. LSB embedding disturbs this balance and a k th -order structural attack infers the presence of a hidden message with a length in proportion to the size of the imbalance amongst sets of k-tuples. To protect against k th -order structural attacks, cover modifications involve the redistribution of k-tuples among the different sets so that symmetries of the cover image are broken, then repaired through the act of LSB embedding so that the stego image bears the statistics of the original cover.To protect against all orders up to some order k, the statistics of n-tuples must be preserved where n is the least common multiple of all orders ≤ k. We find that this is only feasible for securing against up to 3 rd -order attacks (Sample Pairs and Triples analyses) since higher-order protections result in virtually zero embedding capacities. Securing up to 3 rd -order requires redistribution of sextuplets: rather than perform these 6 th -order cover modifications, which result in tiny embedding capacities, we reduce the problem to the redistribution of triplets in a manner that also preserves the statistics of pairs. This is done by embedding into only certain pixels of each sextuplet, constraining the maximum embedding rate to be ≤ 2/3 bits per channel. Testing on a variety of image formats, we report best performance for JPEG-compressed images with a mean maximum embedding rate undetectable by 2 nd -and 3 rd -order attacks of 0.21 bits per channel.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing LSB embedding against structural steganalysis

Powell¹

2020

Preprint

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“…The author proposed a new method for reliably estimating the length of a hidden message and for achieving reliability in the image, based on an analysis of adjacent pixel pairs. The results were predicted using the properties of the stego image [31]. High payload image steganography using two way block matching and a hop embedding scheme has been proposed for searching for the highest similarity between blocks for each block of the important image [32].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Quality Steganographic Method Using Morphing

Bagade¹,

Talbar²

2014

Journal of Information Processing Systems

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A new morphed steganographic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Image security is a challenging problem these days. Steganography is a method of hiding secret data in cover media. The Least Significant Bit is a standard Steganographic method that has some limitations. The limitations are less capacity to hide data, poor stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm focuses on these limitations. The morphing concept is being used for image steganography to overcome these limitations. The PSNR and standard deviation are considered as a measure to improve stego image quality and morphed image selection, respectively. The stego keys are generated during the morphed steganographic embedding and extracting process. Stego keys are used to embed and extract the secret image. The experimental results, which are based on hiding capacity and PSNR, are presented in this paper. Our research contributes towards creating an improved steganographic method using image morphing. The experimental result indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves an increase in hiding capacity, stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The experimental results were compared with state of the art steganographic methods.

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“…W. Naji et al, [17] presented an overview of the steganography approaches and its classifications and also the type of attacks on the hidden information. Shreelakshmi R et al, [18] proposed pre-processing technique for cover images, which increases the reliability of LSB replacement steganography in spatial domain. Saeed Sarreshbedari and Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami [19] developed a high capacity image steganography using wavelet transform coefficient of the cover image to embed the secret information.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditional Entrench Spatial Domain Steganography

Sathisha¹,

N²,

K³

et al. 2014

SIPIJ

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Steganography is a technique of concealing the secret information in a digital carrier media, so that only the authorized recipient can detect the presence of secret information. In this paper, we propose a spatial domain steganography method for embedding secret information on conditional basis using 1-Bit of Most Significant Bit (MSB). The cover image is decomposed into blocks of 8*8 matrix size. The first block of cover image is embedded with 8 bits of upper bound and lower bound values required for retrieving payload at the destination. The mean of median values and difference between consecutive pixels of each 8*8 block of cover image is determined to embed payload in 3 bits of Least Significant Bit (LSB) and 1 bit of MSB based on prefixed conditions. It is observed that the capacity and security is improved compared to the existing methods with reasonable PSNR.

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Cover Image Preprocessing for More Reliable LSB Replacement Steganography

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Securing LSB embedding against structural steganalysis

Securing LSB embedding against structural steganalysis

A High Quality Steganographic Method Using Morphing

Conditional Entrench Spatial Domain Steganography

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