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Jenkins, Lisanne M.; Chiang, Jessica J.; Vause, Katherine; Hoffer, Lauren; Alpert, Kathryn I.; Parrish, Todd B.; Wang, Lei; Miller, Gregory E.

doi:10.1002/hbm.24641

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We operationalized this variable as a continuous measure. We selected hippocampus volume as the outcome because adversities, poverty, economic hardship, stress, trauma, and SS all influence hippocampus function and size (Barch et al, 2016;Calem, Bromis, McGuire, Morgan, & Kempton, 2017;Hanson et al, 2011;Jenkins et al, 2020;Johnson et al, 2016;Luby et al, 2013;McLean et al, 2012;Y. Wang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al, 2015). Some research suggests that altered hippocampus structure and function may partially mediate the effect of high family SES on brain development and function, such as learning and memory (Hair et al, 2015;Hanson et al, 2015;Jenkins et al, 2020;Johnson, Riis, & Noble, 2016;Machlin et al, 2019;McEwen & Gianaros, 2010;McLean et al, 2012;Noble et al, 2012;Staff et al, 2012;Suchy-Dicey et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume

Assari¹

2020

RHS

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Introduction: The hippocampus has a significant role in memory, learning, and cognition. Although hippocampal size is highly susceptible to family socioeconomic status (SES) and associated stress, very little is known on racial and ethnic group differences in the effects of SES indicators on hippocampus volume among American children. Purpose: This study explored the multiplicative effects of race, ethnicity, and family SES on hippocampus volume among American children. Methods: Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD), we analyzed the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 9390 9-10 years old children. The main outcome was hippocampus volume. The predictor was parental education. Subjective family SES was the independent variable. Age, sex, and marital status were the covariates. Racial and ethnic group membership were the moderators. To analyze the data, we used regression models. Results: High subjective family SES was associated with larger hippocampus volume. This effect was significantly larger for Whites than Black families. Conclusions: The effect of subjective family SES on children’s hippocampus volume is weaker in Black than White families.

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume

Assari¹

2020

RHS

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“…In comparison to peers with high socioeconomic status (SES), children from low SES families seem to disproportionately have worse outcomes across several areas (Jenkins et al, 2020). These include cognitive development (McDermott et al, 2019), language (Noble et al, 2015), executive function (Noble et al, 2015), and school achievement (McDermott et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Education and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and Frontoparietal Network (FPN)

Darvishi¹,

Saqib²,

Assari³

2021

JECS

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Introduction: While previous studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and children’s neuroimaging measures, weaker SES effects are shown for Black than White families. This is, in part, due to processes such as stratification, racism, marginalization, and othering of Black people in the US, which act as barriers to translating SES resources into health outcomes. Purpose: This study had two aims: First, to test the association between parental education and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with the frontoparietal network (FPN) in children; and second, to investigate racial heterogeneity in this association. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We analyzed the resting-state functional connectivity data of 7959 US pre-adolescents who were between 9 and 10 years old. The main outcome was the NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Parental education was considered as an independent variable. Family structure, sex and age were the study covariates. Finally, race was regarded as the moderator. We used mixed-effects regression for data analysis with and without interaction terms between parental education and race. Results: Parental education was associated with higher NAcc resting-state functional connectivity with FPN. Race showed a statistically significant interaction with parental education, suggesting that the effects of parental education on NAcc rsFC with FPN was significantly weaker for Black pre-adolescents compared to White pre-adolescents. Conclusions: In line with Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), the association between parental education and pre-adolescents’ NAcc rsFC with FPN is weaker in Black pre-adolescents compared to their White counterparts. This finding is of interest because FPN’s rsFC with NAcc may have a role in cognitive flexibility and reward processing. The weaker links between SES indicators and children’s neuroimaging findings for Black than for White families may reflect the racialization of Blacks in the US. Social stratification, racism, and discrimination may minimize the returns of SES in Black communities.

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Cited by 2 publications

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Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume

Race, Ethnicity, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Hippocampus Volume

Parental Education and Functional Connectivity between Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) and Frontoparietal Network (FPN)

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